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S111 Topic 1 - hole in water > Chemistry > Flashcards

Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

What is a chemical symbol?

A

It is a symbol given to represent a basic element

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2
Q

How many elements are there in all?

A

118

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3
Q

How many elements are naturally occurring?

A

92

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4
Q

What is a periodic table?

A

It is an organised table of all known elements. It has a numbering system

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5
Q

How are elements organised in the periodic table?

A

With the heaviest elements at the bottom and the lightest elements at the top
Elements are organised in columns according to their common chemical properties

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6
Q

What case letters should chemical symbols be in?

A

Chemical symbols start with a capital letter and if they have a second letter (for example Ca) the second letter is lower case

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7
Q

What are the ten most common elements in the human body?

A 
Oxygen
Carbon
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Calcium
Phosphorus 
Potassium
Sulfur
Chlorine
Sodium

All others

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8
Q

What is the chemical symbol for oxygen?

A

O

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9
Q

What is the chemical symbol for carbon?

A

C

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10
Q

What is the chemical symbol for hydrogen?

A

H

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11
Q

What is the chemical symbol for nitrogen?

A

N

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12
Q

What is the chemical symbol for calcium?

A

Ca

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13
Q

What is the chemical symbol for phosphorus?

A

P

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14
Q

What is the chemical symbol for potassium?

A

K

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15
Q

What is the chemical symbol for sulfur?

A

S

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16
Q

What is the chemical symbol for chlorine?

A

Cl

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17
Q

What is the chemical symbol for sodium?

A

Na

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18
Q

What percentage of the body is made up of oxygen?

A

65%

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19
Q

What percentage of the body is made up of carbon (C)?

A

18%

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20
Q

What percentage of the body is made up of hydrogen (H)?

A

10%

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21
Q

What percentage of the body is made up of nitrogen (N)?

A

3%

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22
Q

What percentage of the body is made up of calcium (Ca)?

A

1.5%

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23
Q

What percentage of the body is made of phosphorus (P)?

A

1.2%

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24
Q

What percentage of the body is made up of potassium (K)?

A

0.4%

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25
Q

What percentage of the body is made up of sulfur (S)?

A

0.25%

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26
Q

What percentage of the body is made up of chlorine (Cl)?

A

0.2%

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27
Q

What percentage of the body is made up of sodium (Na)?

A

0.2%

28
Q

Where should the units of the values be written when producing a table?

A

Units should be written in the column headings instead of next to each individual value

29
Q

Which element is the lightest?

A

Hydrogen (H)

30
Q

What is the third most abundant element in the universe by mass?

A

Oxygen (O)

31
Q

What percentage of nitrogen forms the earths atmosphere?

A

78%

32
Q

Where can red phosphorus most commonly be found?

A

On matchboxes, to light matches

33
Q

Which element is a component of gun powder?

A

Sulfur (S)

34
Q

What element is essential for plant growth?

A

Potassium

35
Q

Where is phosphorus present in the human body?

A

In bones and teeth

36
Q

What is Phosphorus (P) essential for in the human body? (2)

A

Energy storage and transfer

Correct function of cells

37
Q

How many natural forms are there of phosphorus (P)?

A

Two
White phosphorus
Red phosphorus

38
Q

Describe the properties of white phosphorus (P)? (5)

A 
Poisonous
Waxy
Solid
Glows in the dark
Flammable when exposed to air
39
Q

What happens when phosphorus is exposed to air?

A

It is flammable

40
Q

Is red phosphorus (P) toxic?

A

No it is non toxic

41
Q

How does hydrogen (H) occur in its natural form?

A

As a colourless
Odourless
Gas

42
Q

How much of the human body is made up of water?

A

70% by mass

43
Q

Which element is there an abundance of in living organisms?

A

Oxygen

Hydrogen

44
Q

What does sodium (Na) combine with to form salt?

A

Chlorine (Cl)

45
Q

What does sodium (Na) regulate in the body?

A

Blood chemistry and the amount of water in our bodies

46
Q

Is sodium (Na) vital to human life?

A

Yes without it our cells can not get the nutrients they need to survive

47
Q

Describe the properties of sodium (Na)?

A

Soft solid

Highly reactive

48
Q

Describe the properties of potassium (K) in its natural form?

A

Soft, silvery solid

Tarnishes rapidly in air

49
Q

What is potassium (K) vital for in the human body?

A

It helps cells all over the body regulate what enters and leaves them so it is vital for all movement and body functions

50
Q

What are the most important roles for calcium (Ca) in the human body? (4)

A

Building and maintaining bones/teeth
Necessary for blood clotting
Muscle contraction
Conduction of nerve impulses

51
Q

Describe the properties of calcium (Ca)?

A

Calcium is silvery
Soft solid
Tarnishes rapidly in air
Reacts with water

52
Q

What does the element calcium react to?

A

Water

53
Q

Graphite and diamond are well known forms of which element?

A

Carbon (C)

In its natural form

54
Q

Is carbon an important element to life?

A

Yes, virtually every part of our bodies is made with large amounts of carbon

55
Q

Describe the properties of Graphite?

A 
Natural form of Carbon
Grey
Shiny
Soft
Solid
56
Q

Describe the properties of diamond?

A

Colourless
Transparent
Solid
Very hard

57
Q

Describe the properties of nitrogen (N)?

A

Colourless
Odourless
Gas

58
Q

What crucial role does nitrogen play in the human body?

A

It plays a crucial role in digestion of food and in growth

59
Q

Describe the properties of Oxygen? (O)

A

Colourless
Odourless
Gas
In natural form

60
Q

What role does sulfur (S) play in the human body?

A

It is used in small amounts in all areas of the body to protect cells from hazards such as air pollution and radiation

61
Q

Historically what was sulphur used for?

A

It was burned to fumigate rooms after illness

62
Q

What is the most common appearance of sulphur?

A

Yellow crystals or powder

63
Q

What role does chlorine (Cl) play in the human body?

A

It regulates the amount of fluids in the body and helps muscles to flex and relax

64
Q

Which element is chlorine (Cl) mixed with to produce stomach acid to digest food properly?

A

Hydrogen

This forms hydrochloric acid

65
Q

Describe the properties of Chlorine?

A

Yellow- green
Dense gas
Choking smell

66
Q

What two elements form salt?

A

Sodium (Na)
Chlorine (Cl)

Form Sodium Chloride (salt)

67
Q

Apart from use in the human body what else can Chlorine be used in?

A

It can be used as a disinfectant

S111 Topic 1 - hole in water (11 decks)

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