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Applied Science > Chemistry > Flashcards

Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

Orbitals

A

Energy shells are broken further into sub shells. Different orbitals such as S,P,D and F orbitals

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2
Q

Electron configuration

A

Distribution of electrons in an atom or molecule

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3
Q

Spin

A

Electrons have two possible states. Spin up or spin down.

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4
Q

Ionic bonding

A

Donating electrons

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5
Q

Electrostatic attraction

A

Opposite charge on ions bond them together

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6
Q

Giant ionic lattice

A

Opposite charger sodium chloride ions where ions are arranged in a regular pattern

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7
Q

Covalent bonding

A

Sharing electrons

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8
Q

Lone pair

A

A non binding pair of electrons

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9
Q

Organic compound

A

A compound that contains one or more carbine in a carbon chain

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10
Q

Metallic bonding

A

Positive ions with a sea of free electrons.

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11
Q

Delocalised electrons

A

Electrons that are free to move

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12
Q

Electronegativity

A

The tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons

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13
Q

Non-polar molecule

A

A molecule where the electrons are distributed evenly throughout the molecule.

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14
Q

Polar molecule

A

A molecule with partial positive charge in one part of the molecule and similar negative charge in another part due to an uneven distribution of electrons

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15
Q

Intermolecular forces

A

The attraction/repulsion between neighbouring molecules.

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16
Q

Dipole

A

Separation of charges within a covalent molecule

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17
Q

Van der waals forces

A

Every intermolecular attractions.

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18
Q

Mole

A

A unit of substance equivalent to the number of atoms in 12g of carbon 12

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19
Q

Avagadros constant

A

6.023 X 10(23)

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20
Q

Molar mass

A

The mass of one mole of a substance

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21
Q

Titration

A

A method of volumetric analysis, used to calculate the concentration of a solution.

22
Q

Solution

A

A liquid mixture where solute is dissolved in a solvent

23
Q

Standard solution

A

A solution of a known concentration used in volumetric analysis

24
Q

Solute

A

The substance dissolved in a solvent to form a solution

25
Q

Solvent

A

A liquid that dissolved a substances

26
Q

Stoichometry

A

Relationships between the reactants and the products in a chemical reaction to work out how much product will be produced from given amounts of reactants

27
Q

Theoretical mass

A

The expected amount of product from a reaction calculated from the balanced equation.

28
Q

Reversible reaction

A

Reaction where the reactants tract to form products and the products react to reform the reactants

29
Q

Percentage yield

A

The actual amount of mass worked out as a percentage of the theoretical mass

30
Q

Atomic number

A

The number of protons in an atom

31
Q

Cations

A

Ions with positive charge

32
Q

Anions

A

Ions with negative charge

33
Q

Isoelectronic

A

The same amount of electrons

34
Q

First ionisation energy

A

The energy needed for one mole of electrons to be removed from one mole of gaseous atoms

35
Q

Periodicity

A

The repeating pattern seen by the elements in the periodic table

36
Q

Electrons affinity

A

True change in energy when one mole of a gaseous atom gains one mole of electrons to form a mole of negative ions

37
Q

Malleable

A

Hammered into shape without breaking

38
Q

Ductile

A

Hammered into thin or stretched into wired without breaking

39
Q

Alkaline solution

A

Solution with a pH about 7

40
Q

Oxidation

A

Loss of electrons from an atom or ion

41
Q

Allotropes

A

2 or more different physical forms that an element can exist in

42
Q

Amphotheric

A

Substance that can act as both as an acid and a base

43
Q

Redox

A

Transfer of electrons during chemical reactions

44
Q

Reduction

A

Atom gains electrons

45
Q

Oxidation

A

Atom loses electrons

46
Q

Half equation

A

An equation that shows that shows the loss/gain of electrons during a reaction

47
Q

Oxidation state

A

The number assigned to an element in a chemical compound. It is a positive/negative number depending on how many electrons she the element has lost or gained.

48
Q

Redox reaction

A

Reactions which atoms have their oxidation state changed.

49
Q

Catalysts

A

Substances that increase the rate of a chemical reaction but are unchanged at the end of the reaction.

50
Q

Oxidising agents.

A

Substances that withdraw electrons from other atoms or ions

Applied Science (2 decks)

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