Chemistry Flashcards

(77 cards)

1
Q

What is matter and what makes up matter?

A

Matter is a physical object/thing that takes up space. Matter is made out of molecules and atoms.

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2
Q

Evaporation

A

The process of turning liquid into a vapour or gas.

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3
Q

Vapour

A

A substance suspended in the air (normally liquid droplets in the air.)

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4
Q

Fumes

A

Gases or vapour with a strong smell or is dangerous to inhale.

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5
Q

Boiling

A

At or near boiling point

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6
Q

Condensation

A

Water collects on a cold surface when humid air comes in contact with it.

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7
Q

Melting

A

Make or become liquified by heating

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8
Q

Freezing

A

Below 0°c - when liquids turn to solids

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9
Q

Sublimation

A

When anything solid turns into a gas without belting first Eg. Snow turns into steam without melting first

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10
Q

Volatile

A

When substances easily evaporate in normal temperatures

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11
Q

Solidification

A

To make something solid

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12
Q

Deposition

A

Changing from a gas into a solid

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13
Q

Particle density: solid

A

Particles are closely packed together

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14
Q

Particle density: liquid

A

Looser density that tend to move freely but still kind of close together

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15
Q

Particle density: gases

A

Move completely randomly in the space

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16
Q

What did Archimedes find out?

A

The amount of water displaced is equal to the volume of the object

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17
Q

Melting and boiling point

A

The temperature at which the substance melts and boils.

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18
Q

Strength

A
  • Tensile strength is the force needed to break a stretched piece of wire
  • Compressional strength is the measure a substance can stand before it is crushed
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19
Q

Hardness

A

The ability for a substance to scratch another substance

  • The harder the substance the greater the force holding the particles together.
  • The harder the substance the higher the melting point
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20
Q

Viscosity

A

The thickness or “gooiness” of a liquid

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21
Q

Conductivity

A

How easily something can move through something

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22
Q

Electrical conductivity

A

How well electrical current flows through a substance

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23
Q

Thermal conductivity

A

How well heat flows through a substance

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24
Q

Refractive index

A

The measure of how light bends through a substance

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25
Heat capacity
The measure of how much heat is needed to increase the temperature of a substance
26
Compressibility
- The ability of a substance yo be compressed or squashed | - Liquids and solids can't be compressed
27
Can liquids solids and gases be compressed
Liquids and solids can't be compressed but gases can
28
Diffusion
Gas particles move freely to take up all the space they can
29
Density
The mass of a certain volume of a substance
30
How can heat affect solids, liquids and gases?
Solids- heat can change solids into a liquid Liquids- heat can change Liquids into a gas Gas- when gas heats up in the particles get faster and builds up the pressure
31
Atom
Atoms have no charge and are the smallest particle of elements
32
Element
Elements are a substance that can no longer be broken down into simpler substances.
33
Molecule
A molecule is the smallest chemical compound that can happen in a chemical reaction
34
Compound
A compound is made up of two or more elects that are chemically bonded together
35
Mixture
Two or more elements that are mixed but not chemically bonded together
36
Chemical change
A chemical change is when 2 substances are mixed together to form something new. This differs from a physical change, which is a substance changing physical forms but still retains its original properties. An example would be burning wood in a fire place and metal rusting outdoors
37
Physical change
A physical changes, changes the look without changing the substance into something else Eg. Turn Ice to water Dissolving sugar into water
38
Identify Atomic Number and mass number
Atomic number is up the top | Mass number is down the bottom (Always round up or down to the nearest full number.)
39
Calculate the number the mass number, protons, electrons and neutrons in an atom
Atomic number- Number of protons Mass Number- Number of protons + Number of neutrons Electrons- Atomic number/ number of protons Neutrons - Mass number - Protons
40
What is the valence shell
The outside layer of a shell
41
How many electrons can fit into the first three shells of an atom?
2,8,8
42
What is common characteristic of metals
Shiny, Hard, Bendable, Conducts Electricity
43
What is a common characteristic of non metal
Non shiny, Soft or hard, brittle, doesn't conduct electricity
44
What is a common characteristic of a transition metal
Shiny, Hard, Bendable, Conducts Electricity
45
Common characteristics of metalloids
Are all solid at room temperature most other things change
46
Common characteristics of noble gases
conduct electricity, odourless and colourless
47
What is a ion?
Either loses or gains a electron or either positive or negatively charged
48
Which are the products and reactants in H2 + O -> H2O
H2 and O is the rectants and H2O is the product
49
Endothermic
Cold reaction
50
Exothermic
Hot reaction
51
Write a word equations for magnesium ribbon being burnt
Mg+O2 -> MgO Or to make it a balanced equation 2Mg+O2 -> 2MgO In words Magnesium + Oxygen2 -> Magnesium Oxide
52
How many atoms are in each element: AgNO3
Ag- 1 N-1 O-3
53
How many atoms are in each element: H2SO4
H-2 S-1 O-4
54
Do electrons have mass?
Electrons have some mass but not as much as protons or neutrons
55
Do "opposites attract" when talking about particles
Particles with a positive charge attract each other. Particles with the same charge will repel each other.
56
Mass
Mass is the amount of matter
57
Volume
Volume is how much space the substance takes up and is normally measured in literes (L)
58
Physical properties
Colour, texture, boiling point, density, electrical conductivity, heat capacity and the ability to dissolve other substances or itself.
59
Chemical properties
Bubbling, permanent colour change, colour change and permanent change of shape.
60
Solids particles
Particles vibrate and are held together by a strong force of attraction.
61
Liquids particles
Close together and are held together by forces that are less strong then solids
62
Gases
Are far apart and move quickly on their own
63
Diatomic
Consisting of two or more atoms
64
Pure substance
A pure substance
65
Impure substance
A impure substance
66
Monatomic
Consisting of one atom
67
How can gas become a liquid
Gas can become a liquid by compression
68
What the difference between a molecule and a compound
A molecule is formed when two or more atoms join together chemically. A compound is a molecule that contains at least two different elements. All compounds are molecules but not all molecules are compounds
69
What is the nucleus made out of
Protons and Neutrons
70
Does protons have a positive or negative charge
Protons have a positive charge (+Ve)
71
Does neutrons have a positive or negative charge
Neutrons are neutral and carry no charge
72
Does electrons have a positive and negative charge
Electrons have a negative charge (-Ve)
73
What is the periodic table ordered to
Atomic number ( number of protons)
74
Decomposition
The process which involves decaying and rotting
75
Polymer
A large molecule made up of rings of linked, repeating sub units eg. Plastic
76
In a chemical formula what does the arrow mean?
The arrow means turn into
77
Explain periods and groups
Periods are from left to right and columns going downwards are called groups