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chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

3 matter

A

anything that has matter and takes up space

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2
Q

element

A

pure substance that can not be broken down by ANY means (ex hydrogen not C02)

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3
Q

3 pure substance

A

substance that is made up of only one type of particle

can be different elements that are stuck in convalent bonds (a molecule)

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4
Q

3 difference between a element and a pure substance

A

a elements is a type of pure substance that only has one elements (hydrogen) a pure substance can be either one elements or multiple in one mass of particles

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5
Q

3 mixture

A

a substance made up of at least 2 different types of particles

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6
Q

3 solution

A

type of mixture where it looks like only one substance

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7
Q

3 types of mixtures

A

solution+ mechanical mixture

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8
Q

3 mechanical mixture

A

mixture where you can see the different substances

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9
Q

compound

A

pure substance with two or more elements I.E water vapor

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10
Q

particle

A

a atom that is made up of subatomic particles

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11
Q

11 electron

A

a negatively charged particle circling around the atoms nucleus

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12
Q

11 neutron

A

neutral particle locked inside the atoms nucleus

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13
Q

11 proton

A

positively charged particle locked inside the atoms nucleus

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14
Q

4 physical property

A

characteristic of a substance that can be determined without changing the composition, uses the 5 senses every substance has its own unique set of physical properties= density

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15
Q

4 chemical property

A

characteristic of a substance that can be determined when the composition in changed and a new substance is produced. ex: reactivity

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16
Q

4 quantitative vs qualitative property

A

both examples of physical properties quantitative is numbers that describe the substance while qualitative is measured in your 5 senses

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17
Q

6 Particle theory

A
  1. particles are always moving
  2. particles are attracted to each other
  3. particles move faster and further apart when heated
  4. particles have tiny spaces between them
  5. all matter is made up of tiny particles
  6. all pure substance have the same type of particle
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18
Q

7 states of matter

A

solid, liquid, gas

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19
Q

7 solid

A

a substance with closely packed particles that don’t fill up the container and vibrate with each other

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20
Q

7 liquid

A

a substance that has loosely packed particles and fills the container and no definite shape

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21
Q

7 gas

A

a substance that fills the container has particles that have a lot of space between them and has no define shape no fixed volume and a low denicty

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22
Q

8 Democritus’ model of the atom

A

when: in 400 BCE
who: Greek philosopher
what: he proposed that all matter could be divided until a single particle was reached- he called it the atom
he proposed that: atoms are= all different sizes, always moving, separated by empty spaces

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23
Q

8 john Dalton model of the atom

A

when: 1807
who: English scientist
what: billiard ball m odel
he proposed: all matter is made up of atoms
all atoms in a element are the same
diff element= diff
atoms can be rearranged but never created or destroyed

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24
Q

8 J.J Thompson’s model of the atom

A

when: 1897
who: some guy
what: plum pudding model
he proposed: that small particles could be emitted by hot materials
they attracted to positive side or things
so they would be negative
called electrons
atoms have electrons
rest of atom is positive
evenly distributed

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25
8 Earnest Rutherford
when: 1907 who: a new Zealand chemist what: gold foil experiment- he shot small positively charged particles through a piece of foil expecting them to go through, but instead some deflected, by a central mass he proposed: the nucleus= has a positive charge most of the mass, small surrounded by a cloud of electrons rest in empty space also that there is a proton in the nucleus with a neutral particle
26
8 James Chadwick
when: 1932 who: Rutherford's student what: found a particle that could disintegrate atoms and have 0 charge proposed: atom must be empty with a nucleus nucleus has protons and neutrons mass of neutron= mass or proton electrons circle around nucleus neutral atom has =pro and electrons
27
8 Neils Bohr
when: who: Danish scientist what: electron shells proposed: there are different orbits for electrons each electron has a definite amount of energy and the farther from the nuc it is the more energy it has electrons jump from a higher orbit to a lower they release light each orbit has a max number of electrons they can hold
28
8 what is named after bohr and Rutherford
the model of the atom is named after them both, used to explain the properties of the first 20 elements
29
9 periodic table
table of elements
30
12 mass number
the number of protons and neutrons in the atoms nucleus
31
12 atomic number
the number of proton sin a atoms nucleus
32
icetope
an atom of the same element with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons
33
14 alkali metals
what group: 1 example: lithium description: shiny, silvery, soft, highly reactive, low density, can float on water combine easily with other elements and compounds
34
14 alkaline earth metals
what group: 2 example: description: shiny, silvery, not as soft or reactive as alkali metals they burn bright and colorful like fireworks
35
14 halogens
what group: 17 example: can be a gas (f,CI) can be a liquid (BR) or a solid (I, AT) description: very reactive, rarely found in elemental form often compounds
36
14 noble gases
what group: 18 example: description: stable, nonreactive, colorless, odorless, tasteless, glow when a electric current passes through it, non toxic
37
10 non metals
elements usually gas or dull powdery solid not conductible with heat or electricity makes up the right corner of the PT
38
10 metals
element that is lustrous, malleable, ductile, conducts heat and electricity it makes up the left and center of the periodic table
39
10 metaloids
and element that has properties of a metal and a non metal | found on the bold staircase on the right corner of the PT
40
9 chemical family
column of elements have similar properties on the periodic table as you go down the column shells are added each family has the same number of valance electrons
41
9 period
Row of elements on the PT show trends of higher or lower reactivity as you go from left to right one valance electron is added each row has the same number of shells
42
density
density= mass/ volume means mass per unit of volume is a physical property unique for each substance
43
alloy
solid solutions of two or more metals used for many purposes solder is an example
44
atom
the smallest unit of a element | has subatomic particles inside it
45
element symbol
abbreviation for the chemical symbol | ex hydrogen= H
46
valance electrons
the electrons on the outer shell of the atom can fill up just like the other shells but can trade or give away with other elements
47
how atoms combine
atoms combine to become more stable, meaning that they have a full outer shell can loose gain or share electrons to become stable
48
how metals and metals combine
when you have two metals you don't chemically connect them by using electron movement instead you create an alloy by melting, mixing then solidifying
49
how metals and non metals combine
metals loose their valance electrons and shed their outer shell because it is now empty while the non metal gains the few atoms they need and have a now full outer shell
50
how non metals and non metals combine
there elements don't give away valance electrons to become full instead they share the necessary electrons by using a convelent bond creating a molocule ex: H2O is 2 hydrogen and 1 oxygen that are sharing electrons to all become full
51
ion
a charged atom
52
cation
a positively charged atom
53
anion
a negatively charged atom
54
whmis
``` workplace hazardous materials information system ```
55
hhps
harzardous household products symbols
56
danger (hhps)
octagon
57
warning (hhps)
diamond
58
caution (hhps)
triangle
59
scull and bones (hhps)
poisonous
60
fire (hhps)
flammable
61
pow (hhps)
explosive
62
hand (hhps)
corrosive
63
rolling pin (whmis)
compressed gas
64
fire (whmis)
flammable+ combustible
65
flame circle (whmis)
oxidizer
66
bones and scull (whmis)
poisonous and infectious immediate effect+ serious
67
T with a . (whmis)
poisonous and infectious and other toxic effects
68
4 circles (whmis)
bio hazardous+ infectious
69
hands+ pills? (whmis)
corrosive
70
R with test tube
dangerously radioactive
71
clarity (pp)
ability to let light through
72
lustre (pp)
shinny, dull
73
form (pp)
regular or irregular
74
texture (pp)
smooth coarse etc
75
hardness (pp)
ability to be scratched
76
brittleness (pp)
ability to break apart
77
malleability
ability to be folded
78
ductility
ability to be stretched
79
viscosity
ability to flow or pour
80
electrical conductivity
ability to let electric current pass through it

grade 9 all science notes (8 decks)

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