Chemistry Flashcards

(50 cards)

1
Q

Who discovered neutral subatomic particles and proposed they were located in the nucleus of the atom?

A

James Chadwick

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2
Q

Who without any scientific evidence, suggested that all matter was composed of combinations of two or more elements; earth, water, fire and air.

A

Aristotle

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3
Q

Who discovered the small negatively charged subatomic particle and proposed these were evenly distributed throughout a positively charged sphere and resembled a plum pudding?

A

J.J Thomson

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4
Q

Who without any evidence, suggested that all matter was composed of tiny microscopic particles that were invisible and was the first to call them atoms?

A

Democritus

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5
Q

Arranged the 64 known elements at the time by increasing mass number into a chart where elements with similar properties were aligned into vertical columns?

A

Demitri Meddleev

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6
Q

Proposed that electrons possess a certain amount of energy associated with the orbit they are found in and that each orbit can hold a certain number of electrons

A

Neil’s Bohr

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7
Q

Who repeated the idea that matter was made of atoms and that atoms are never created or destroyed but simply rearranged to form new substances in a chemical reaction

A

John Dalton

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8
Q

Credited with discovering the positively charged subatomic particle found the the center also cord of the atom; performs the gold foil experiments which suggested the atom is composed of a tiny center along core surrounded by mostly empty space in which electrons orbit the nucleus

A

Ernest Ruthford

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9
Q

what’s the charge of a neutron, it’s location, can it move and it’s size?

A

no charge, in the nucleus, no and 1

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10
Q

what’s the charge of a proton, it’s location, can it move and it’s size?

A

positive, in the nucleus, no and 1

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11
Q

what’s the charge of an electron, it’s location, can it move and it’s size?

A

negative, orbits the nucleus, yes and 1/2000

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12
Q

what is an atomic number?

A

the number of protons in an atom

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13
Q

what is a mass number?

A

the number of protons and neutrons in an atom

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14
Q

in standard atomic notation what goes on top mass number or atomic number?

A

mass number

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15
Q

What is an isotope?

A

an isotope is two or more forms of an element with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons.

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16
Q

What is a radioisotope? Give three types.

A

a radioisotope is an isotope that has an unstable nucleus which which tends to break apart and release high energy radiation. Alpha, Beta and gamma rays

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17
Q

What’s an isotope example, how are they the same, how are they different

A

1 2 3
H H H
1 1 1 They all have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons

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18
Q

What’s an example of a radioisotope and what does it do?

A

Carbon-14 is used to date ancient artifacts

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19
Q

How do you conduct a flame test?

A
  1. Light the bunsen burned
  2. Adjust the barrel for a blue flame
  3. place a wooden splint cover in solution into the middle of the flame
  4. Abserve the colour of the flame above the splint
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20
Q

What colour is Sodium

A

Yellow

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21
Q

What colour is lithium

22
Q

What colour is magnesium

A

bright white (it glows)

23
Q

What colour is potassium

24
Q

what colour is calcium

25
what colour is strontium
red
26
what colour is barium
lime green
27
what colour is copper
green
28
when electricity goes through hydrogen why does it release a violet light?
When an atom is energized by heat or light it absorbs the energy and jumps to a higher orbit. this is called the excited state. eventually the electrons fall back to it's ground state. When this happens it releases extra energy in the form of light.
29
What are everyday things we see lights released from atoms
fireworks, northern lights and colour packets put into fires
30
What is the stable octet rule
when elements want to become stable like noble gases by obtaining a full outer orbit
31
nonmetal elements become stable by.. in order to complete their outer orbit of electrons and will form... ions called..
gaining electrons, negatively- charged, anions
32
metal elements become stable by.. in order to complete their outer orbit of electrons and will form.. ions called..
losing electrons, positively-charged, cations
33
ionic compounds form because of the... between ions of..
attraction, opposite charge
34
molecular compounds form when nonmetal atoms.. pairs of electrons to complete their outer orbit in order to become stable
share
35
name seven elements that form diatomic molecules by sharing pairs of electrons.
HOFBrINCl; hydrogen, oxygen, fluorine, bromine, iodine, nitrate and chlorine
36
what's a period
a period is the horizontal row on the periodic table
37
what's a family or group
the vertical row on the periodic table
38
what's a metalloid. what are three examples
a metalloid are elements along the dividing staircase the possesses both metal and non metal properties. boron, silicon and arsenic
39
chemical group 1, group 2, group 17 and group 18
alkali metals, alkali earth metals, halogens and noble gases
40
five properties of metals
shiny, malleable, conductible, solid (except mercury) and ductile
41
what happens when alkali metals are put in water
they fizz and release hydrogen gas
42
what's special about potassium
it's soft
43
how is potassium stored and why?
it is stored in kerosene because it is very reactive with water, the water vapour in the air
44
what are the positive gas tests for hydrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide and water?
H- burning splint test (whoop) O- glowing splint test (reignites) CO2- limewater test (turns cloudy) H2O- cobalt chloride test (turns paper pink)
45
Gases found in the atmosphere and the percentage
78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen less than 1% argon and other gases, 0.03% carbon dioxide
46
how does carbon dioxide effect climate
The carbon keeps the radiation from the sun in the atmosphere heating it in the process.
47
why's the ozone layer important
the ozone protects us from the sun. without it the sun would be too powerful and we wouldn't be able to breath or live
48
On a bohr diagram what do you do when it says "an ion of beryllium"
you find the charge on the stable ion and do the opposite | "beryllium is +2 so you -2"
49
what does todays periodic table increase by
it increases by atomic number
50
multiple valences for iron, nickel, copper, in and lead
``` iron- 3,2 nickel- 3,2 copper- 2,1 tin- 4,2 lead- 4,2 ```