CHEMISTRY Flashcards
(25 cards)
Every orbital in a subshell is singly occupied with one electron before any one orbital is doubly occupied, and all electrons in singly occupied orbitals have the same spin
Hund’s rule
States that, in an atom or molecule, no two electrons can have the same four electronic quantum numbers
Pauli Exclusion Principle
If one is assigned an up-spin ( +1/2), the other must be down-spin (-1/2)
Pauli Exclusion Principle
Avogadro’s Law
V₁/n₁ = V₂/n₂
Gas constant (R)
0.0821 L⋅atm/mole⋅K
Mass of a proton or neutron
1.67x10⁻²⁷
Avogadro’s Number
6.02x10²³
Percent yield formula
(actual yield/theoretical yield) x 100
Speed of light
3.0x10⁸ m/s
Energy of photon
E = hv
where h is Planck’s constant and v is frequency of photon
Planck’s constant
6.626 x 10⁻³² m²⋅kg/s
States that the available atomic orbitals with the lowest energy levels are occupied before those with higher energy levels
Aufbau Principle (Building-up Principle)
Ionic Bonds are formed with electronegativity difference of ___
> 2
Covalent bonds are formed with electronegativity difference of ___
<1.7
Polar covalent bonds are formed with electronegativity difference of ___
0.5 to 1.7
Nonpolar covalent bonds are formed with electronegativity difference of ___
<0.5
Specific heat of water
4.186 J/g⋅°C
Formula to solve for the concentration or volume of the concentrated or dilute solution
M1V1=M2V2
Molarity Formula
M = mole/L
Molality formula for colligative properties
m = mole/kg
Formula for change in boiling point and freezing point for a solution
ΔTʙ = mKʙ ΔTғ = mKғ
Gibb’s Free energy formula
ΔG = ΔH - TΔS
Equilibrium constant expression
K꜀ = (CᶜDᵈ)/(AᵃBᵇ)
where superscripts are coefficients
Equilibrium constant denoting more products
K꜀ > > 1
