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Chemistry Flashcards

(64 cards)

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1
Q

Where do you find the Electrons

A

Atomic Number

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2
Q

What is the top number of an element

A

Atomic Mass

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3
Q

What is the bottom number of an element

A

Atomic Number

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4
Q

What is an Element

A

Same type of atom joined together

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5
Q

What is a Compound

A

Different type of atom joined together

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6
Q

Crystallization

A

Separating soluble substances from a solution

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7
Q

Distillisation

A

Separates liquids from solutions

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8
Q

What did James Chadwick discover

A

The Neutron

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9
Q

Why was the discovering of the Neutron beneficial to scientists

A

This allowed them to understand that it was possible for atoms of the same element to have different masses

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10
Q

What does the Mass Number tell you

A

The amount of Protons + Neutrons

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11
Q

What does the Atomic Number tell you

A

The amount of Protons

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12
Q

Why does Distillation work?

A

Because the dissolved solute has a much higher boiling point than the solvent

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13
Q

What are atoms made of

A

Protons, Neutrons and Electrons (the 3 subatomic particles)

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14
Q

What is found in the nucleus of an element

A

Protons and Neutrons

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15
Q

What does crystallization separate

A

Soluble solid from a solution

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16
Q

How does crystallization work

A

Evaporating a liquid causing the solution to become more concentrated which then makes crystals

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17
Q

Occasionally , what must you do when doing crystallization

A

Cool down the solution preventing the crystals from breaking down

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18
Q

How does distillation work?

A

Heating up the solution and the part of the solution with the lowest boiling point evaporates first

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19
Q

What is fractional distillation

A

Separating a mixture of different liquids

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20
Q

How does fractional distillation work

A

Heating a mixture of different liquids in flask attached to a fractioning column which is hottest at the bottom and is coolest at the top. Then the liquid with the lowest boiling point evaporates. After the first liquid is collected, the column temperature can be increased.

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21
Q

What is chromatography

A

Separating a mixture of soluble substances

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22
Q

How does chromatography work?

A

A pencil line is made near to the bottom of the paper where the pencil line is spotted, the paper is then placed into a solvent, the solvent seeps up the paper also bringing the dyes. The more soluble the liquid, the farther it will travel, pure substances produce only one dot

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23
Q

What was the atom thought as in the 19th century

A

In the 19th century, atoms were thought of as tiny spheres that couldn’t be separated

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24
Q

What did the discovery of the electron prove

A

The discovery of the electron proved that atoms could be divided into smaller pieces

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25
The discovery of the electron led to
The discovery of the electron led to the making of the plum pudding model
26
The plum pudding model stated that
The plum pudding model stated that the atom was a ball of positive charge with negatively charged particles embedded in
27
What was the alpha particle scattering experiment
The alpha particle scattering experiment was an experiment where alpha particles were fired at a thin sheet of gold. The scientists thought that the alpha particles were going to fire straight through the thin gold sheet. However, this was not the case as the alpha particles reacted in a number of different ways.
28
What did the alpha particle scattering experiment prove?
This experiment proved that the Plum Pudding model wasn't correct and showed that the positive charge was concentrated in one part of the atom. The concentrated positive charge was strong enough to to repel alpha particles and change their path. Although some particles went straight through the gold foil as predicted. This showed scientists that most of the atom was empty space.
29
What replaced the plum pudding model
The nuclear model, the nuclear model is mostly empty space, with a positively charged nucleus and negative electrons orbiting around it
30
Neil's Bohr model
The Neil's Bohr model is an improved version of the Nuclear model and suggested that electrons orbit in shells and that each electron is a fixed distance from the nucleus
31
Atoms have the same number of
Protons and electrons-this means that atoms have no overall charge
32
Radius of an atom
0.1nm
33
Radius of an atom's nucleus
1x10-5 nm
34
How to calculate number of neutrons
Atomic mass - Atomic number
35
What does Ar mean
Ar is often used to represent relative atomic mass
36
Why was the periodic table made?
The periodic table of elements was made to sort elements in order of of groups with similar properties
37
What side of the staircase are metals generally found
The left side of the staircase
38
Why are metals metals?
The react to form positive ions
39
Why are non-metals non-metals
They don't form positive ions
40
Metals can easily ____ their outer electrons to leave a full outer shell
Lose
41
Non-metals don't ____ electrons easily
Lose, means that they cant gain a full outer shell from losing electrons so they have to gain a electron
42
When non-metals gain electrons they form
negative ions
43
Non-metals can also fill their outer shells by
Sharing electrons with other atoms
44
Metals towards the left of the staircase don't have many _____ to lose
Electrons
45
Metals towards the bottom of the periodic table have more
Shells
46
The more easily an atom loses electrons the more _____ it is
reactive
47
What are the elements in group 0 called
The Noble gases, all Noble gases are colorless at room temperature and also unreactive meaning they exist as single atoms
48
What are the names of the noble gases
Helium Neon Argon Krypton Xenon Radon
49
Why are the Noble Gases unreactive
They are unreactive because they have a full outer energy level meaning they are very stable
50
Which way does the boiling points of the Noble Gases increase
They increase going down as they have increasing relative atomic mass because larger atoms have larger intermolecular forces between them
51
What are the group 1 elements called
Alkali metals
52
What are the names of the Alkali metals
Lithium, Sodium, Potassium, Rubidium, Caesium, Francium. All of these are have low densities and are soft to cut through with a knife though they are very reactive as they have only 1 electron in their outer shell
53
How can Alkali metals form a full outer shell
By losing 1 electron and forming a positive ion
54
In what direction does the order of reactivity go in group 1
They get more reactive going down because the number of shells in each atom increases
55
What type of compounds do alkali metals form when they react with non metals
They form Ionic Compounds because they easily lose their one outer electron to have a full outer shell. When an alkali metal loses an electron, it forms a +1 ion
56
When Alkali metals are put in water, they react vigorously
This reaction normally creates hydrogen gas and metal hydroxide, metal hydroxide are salts that dissolve in water that then produces alkaline solutions.
57
What type of oxide is formed when Alkali metals react with oxygen
Metal oxide
58
What are group 7 elements known as
The group 7 elements are also known as the halogens
59
What are the names of the Halogens
fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, astatine, the Halogens are non-metals and they exist as pairs of atoms that have been covalently bonded and are non-metals
60
In what direction does the Halogens increase in boiling point
They increase in reactivity going down The halogens at the top of group 7 are gasses at room temperature The halogens at the bottom of group 7 are solids at room temperature
61
In what direction does the Halogens increase in reactivity
They increase in reactivity going up this is because they react by gaining 1 electron to fill their outer shell
62
What kind of compounds do the Halogens form when reacting with other non-metals
They can form molecular compounds they do this by sharing electrons so that both atoms can fill their outer shells.
63
When atoms share a pair of electrons a ____________ is formed
Covalent bond
64
Halogens react with _____ to form ionic compounds
Metals`

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