Chemistry and Energy Cycle Test 2 Year 9

Question 1

Define an Ion

Answer 1

A charged atom

Question 2

What is a Cation?

Answer 2

A positively charged ion, has more protons

Question 3

What is an Anion

Answer 3

A negitvely charged ion, has more electrons

Question 4

What is valency

Answer 4

The number of electrons an atom need to gain or loose in order to have a full outer shell

Question 5

What is a diatomic moelcule

Answer 5

Two atoms of the same element that share electrons to form a bond

Question 6

What is an Ionic chemical compound

Answer 6

Metal combining with non-metal

Question 7

What is a covalent chemical compound

Answer 7

non-metal with non-metal

Question 8

what is a metallic chemical compound

Answer 8

metal and metal

Question 9

what are the covalent compound prefixs

Answer 9

“mono” (1), “di” (2), “tri” (3), “tetra” (4), “penta” (5), “hexa” (6), “hepta” (7), “octa” (8), “nona” (9), and “deca” (10)

Question 10

How do you write a covalent compound?

Answer 10

Prefix comes before each element and second element ends in ‘ide’

Question 11

What is an organic compound

Answer 11

carbon and hydrogen e.g lipids, oils, sugar, protein

Question 12

what is an inorganic compound

Answer 12

no carbon e.g metals, salts and elements

Question 13

Define Hydrocarbon

Answer 13

substances made of hydrogen and carbon atoms

Question 14

How are hydrocarbons separated from crude oil to create energy

Answer 14

Through fractional distillation
1. Oil is heated and becomes hot vapour
2. pumped into fractioning column
3. cools and condenses

Question 15

How does fractional distillation work?

Answer 15

larger hydrocarbons have stronger intermolecular forces, so they’re harder to separate and have higher boiling points so theyre found at the bottom of the column because it’s hotter

Question 16

what are the alkane hydrocarbons names?

Answer 16

1 carbon: Methane (CH4)
2 carbons: Ethane (C2H6)
3 carbons: Propane (C3H8)
4 carbons: Butane (C4H10)
5 carbons: Pentane (C5H12)
6 carbons: Hexane (C6H14)
7 carbons: Heptane (C7H16)
8 carbons: Octane (C8H18)

Question 17

What is the equation for complete combustion

Answer 17

Fuel + Oxygen -> Carbon + Wayer

Question 18

What is the equation for incomplete combustion

Answer 18

Methane + Oxygen -> Carbon Monoxide + Water

Question 19

What is a polymer?

Answer 19

Made of many monomers joined together, which can be natural

Question 20

What are 3 different types of polymers

Answer 20

1. Cellulose: Biodegradable, strong and flexible
2. Polypropylene: High heat resistance, chemical resistance and strong
3. PVC: electrical insulator, chemical resistance, durable

Question 21

Impacts of materials used as alternatives for crude oil and alternatives

Answer 21

Paper straws: Use more water, energy and chemicals. Heavier=more fuel for transportation. Biodegradable in right conditions
Alternatives: don’t use straws, bamboo, silicone, metal

Question 22

How do you identify a monomer in a polymer

Answer 22

look for repeating unit within a polymer

Question 23

What is a crosslink

Answer 23

When polymer chains join in a strong, web-like structure
More crosslinks = rigid and hard

Question 24

What is sulphur’s effect on polymer?

Answer 24

Natural rubber would melt in hot and be stiff in cold. Sulphur creates bonds/crosslinks with rubber which is called vulcanisation

Question 25

Explain the milk and vinegar experiment

Answer 25

When milk is heated and combined with an acid, such as vinegar, the casein molecules unfold and reorganize into a long chain.

Question 26

What is ohms law?

Answer 26

V = I x R V: Voltage I: Current R: Resistance

Question 27

What happens to ohms law if we increase the voltage or resistance

Answer 27

Voltage: Assuming resistance (R) is constant, current (I) increases Resistance: Assuming voltage (V) is constant, current (I) decreases.

Question 28

Define renewable energy

Answer 28

Energy that comes from sources that can naturally replenish themselves within a person's life time.

Question 29

Define non-renewable energy

Answer 29

Energy that comes from sources that take millions of years to form and are used faster than they can be replaced

Question 30

Define sustainable

Answer 30

The ability to meet current energy needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs.

Question 31

How can electrical energy be produced from coal

Answer 31

1. Mining and Transport (coal) 2. Burning 3 heating Water (water to steam) 4. Turning a Turbine 5. Generating Electricity 6. Transmission (powerlines)

Question 32

What are the different types of energy

Answer 32

Biogas (decomposition of organic waste, such as food scraps and animal manure) Biomass (Organic material, such as wood and agricultural waste, burned to produce heat or electricity) Crude Oil Gas (Natural Gas) Geothermal Nuclear Solar Wind

Question 33

What are the disadvantages and advantages of renewable energy?

Answer 33

Advantage: Sustainable, lower operating costs Disadvantages: Weather dependent , high cost , and require large area of land sometimes

Question 34

What are the disadvantages and advantages of nonrenewable energy?

Answer 34

Advantage: Generates more energy, widely available and reliable Disadvantages: Limited supply, produces greenhouse gases, damages the environment

Question 35

Minerals extracted in Australia

Answer 35

Iron – Makes steel. Steel – Used in structures. Gold – For jewellery, tech. Copper – For wiring, pipes. Nickel – In alloys, tools. Zircon – In tiles, tech. Iron Ore - Steel Bauxite: Aluminium

Question 36

What are aboriginal and Torres straight islander uses of minerals

Answer 36

Ochre: Red Ochre: masks natural human scent, used for hunting White Ochre: Clays, body paint, camouflage

Question 37

What is Voltage?

Answer 37

The amount of 'push' given to a charge. Volts

Question 38

What is resistance?

Answer 38

How to difficult it is for a current to flow Ohms

Question 39

What is current?

Answer 39

The flow of charge. Amps