Chemistry: anything with ions acids or compounds

Question 1

Type:acid precipitation

What is the normal PH of rain water?

Answer 1

Rain water is naturally acidic and has a pH of around 5.6

Question 2

Type: Acid precipitation

What causes acidity in the rain?

Answer 2

The acidity is due to dissolved carbon dioxide in the water, which reacts to form carbonic acid

CO2+H2O- H2CO3

Question 3

Type:Acid Precipitation

What does nitrogen dioxide react with water to produce?

Answer 3

Nitric and nitrous acid

2NO2+H2O-HNO3+HNO2

Question 4

Type: Acid precipitation

What is another major source of acid precipitation?

Answer 4

Sulphurs dioxide

Question 5

Type: Acids and bases

Are acids reactive?

Answer 5

Very reactive solutions that will react with metals, carbonate compounds and bases

Question 6

Type:Acids and Bases

Why do acids have those specific properties?

Answer 6

These properties are due to the presence of hydrogen ions H+ which form whenever an acid dissolved in water

Question 7

Type Acids and Bases

Due to the Ions Present, are Acids good conductors of electricity?

Answer 7

Yes (electrolytes)

Question 8

Type Acids

Why must Acids be used carefully?

Answer 8

Acids must be used carefully as some acids such as hydrochloric acid and sulphuric acid are very corrosive in concentrated form

Question 9

Type Acids and Bases

How can you identify common acids?

Answer 9

Because they start with hydrogen

Question 10

Type Acids and Bases

What are Bases?

Answer 10

Bases are bitter tasting water soluble substances that feel slippery to the skin.

Question 11

Acids and bases

What do Bases form when they dissolve in water?

Answer 11

Hydroxide Ions

OH-

Question 12

Acids and bases

Are Bases good conductors of electricity?

Answer 12

Yes electrolytes

Question 13

Acids and bases

What are Bases often described as?

Answer 13

Being Alkaline

Question 14

Acids and bases

What do Bases so when reacting with protein?

Answer 14

Break down into smaller molecules

Question 15

Acids and bases

What are Acids?

Answer 15

Acids are sour tasting water soluble substances that can be found in many common products and foods

Question 16

Diatomic element

Is there any diatomic elements that are metals?

Answer 16

No all diatomic elements are gases

Question 17

Diatomic elements

Is hydrogen a diatomic elements

Answer 17

Yes hydrogen gas is a diatomic elements

Question 18

Diatomic elements

Is exenon gas a diatomic elements?

Answer 18

No it is not

Question 19

Diatomic elements

Is oxygen gas and nitrogen gas a diatomic elements

Answer 19

Yep they are

Question 20

Diatomic elements

Is fluorine and chlorine a diatomic element?

Answer 20

Yes!

F2 and Cl2

Question 21

Diatomic element

Is bromine gas and iodine gas diatomic elements?

Answer 21

Yes!

I2 and Br2

Question 22

Diatomic elements

What is the endings of the diatomic elements?

Answer 22

Always end in -gen or -ine

Question 23

Diatomic elements

What is a diatomic element?

Answer 23

A naturally existing as two atoms of the same element bond together

Question 24

Covalent and molecular compounds

Show the formation of a molecular compound using 2 oxygen atoms.

Answer 24

Double covalent bond

In photos number 1

Question 25

Covalent and molecular compounds Do two non metals forming a chemical bond,create ions?

Answer 25

No they don’t.

Question 26

Molecular and covalent compounds What is a covalent bond?

Answer 26

Non metals share pairs of electrons to form a covalent bond so that each atom has a full putter shell

Question 27

Molecular and covalent bonds What are covalently bonded compounds called?

Answer 27

Molecules

Question 28

Covalent bonds and molecular compounds Show the formation of a molecular compound using two hydrogen atoms what type of bond is this?

Answer 28

A single covalent bond | See photos for diagram. Photo 2

Question 29

Covalent bonds and molecular compounds What happens when a metal and a nonmetal react to form a compound?

Answer 29

They transfer electrons to form ions resulting in an ionic bond

Question 30

Ionic compounds Examples of formulas for: Calcium bromide Beryllium nitride

Answer 30

CaBr2 Be3N2

Question 31

Ionic compounds What are the 5 steps to find the formula of an ionic compound?

Answer 31

1. Wrote the symbols of the ions 2. Write the charge of each ion on top of the symbol 3. Find the lowest common multiple for the two charges in the compound. 4. Add a subscript if needed to the action to indicate how many are needed to make the required charge. 5. Ads a subscript to the anion if needed.

Question 32

Ionic compounds Write the chemical formula for: Sodium chloride Calcium oxide Magnesium fluoride

Answer 32

NaCl CaO MgF2

Question 33

Multivalent ions Give an example of a metal and non metal with a valence of 1

Answer 33

Sodium and chloride ions have a valence if 1

Question 34

Multivalent ions What does the valence of an object represent?

Answer 34

The valence of an Ion is the value of the charge

Question 35

Polyatomic ions What is the name and charge of NO3?

Answer 35

Nitrate and it has a 1- charge

Question 36

Atoms and ion formation What is an Atom?

Answer 36

Atoms are electrically neutral particles because they must have the same number of positive and negative electrons

Question 37

Atom and Ion formation How do elements react to make a compound?

Answer 37

They can either gain or lose one or more electrons in their valence (outermost shell)

Question 38

Atoms and Ions How do you remember what charge a cat-ion is?

Answer 38

Cats have paws so they are positive

Question 39

Atoms and Ions How do metals form positive ions? (Cations)

Answer 39

They form positive ions by losing electrons

Question 40

Atoms and Ions Provide and example of sodium becoming a cation

Answer 40

Check picture 3

Question 41

Atoms and Ions How do non metals form anions?

Answer 41

By GAINING electrons

Question 42

Atoms and Ions What is an Anion?

Answer 42

An anion is a Neg ion made by non metals

Question 43

Atoms and Ions What change to the ending of it’s name do we add to anions? Examples.

Answer 43

You add the ending -ide ``` Examples: Fluoride Chloride Oxide Nitride ```

Question 44

Polyatomic ions What polyatomic ion has a charge of 3- and what is the formula and name

Answer 44

Phosphate PO4

Question 45

Polyatomic ions What is the formula and charge of sulphate?

Answer 45

So4 and has a charge of 2-

Question 46

Polyatomic ions What is the name and charge of chlorate?

Answer 46

ClO3 and has a 1- charge

Question 47

Polyatomic ions What is the name and charge of OH?

Answer 47

Hydroxide and it has a 1- charge

Question 48

Polyatomic ions How can you tell it’s polyatomic by its name?

Answer 48

It would end in -ate not -ide except hydroxide

Question 49

Polyatomic ions Write the formula for sodium sulphate

Answer 49

Na 1+. SO4 2- LCM=2 Na2SO4

Question 50

Polyatomic ions Name the following compound CuSO4 Al2(SO4)3

Answer 50

Copper (2) sulphate Aluminum sulphate

Question 51

Ionic compounds When naming a compound what comes first? Cation or anion?

Answer 51

The cation than the anion

Question 52

Ionic compounds What is the purpose of a subscript?

Answer 52

If two or more of the same ions are present, we add a small number called a subscript to show this.

Question 53

Ionic compounds Why do we use chemical symbols?

Answer 53

We use chemical symbols to represent the formula of an ionic compound instead of drawing Bohr diagrams

Question 54

Ionic compounds Are all compounds electrically neutral? What does that mean? Examples.

Answer 54

All ionic compounds are electrically neutral, so all the electrons lost by the cations must regained by the ions

Question 55

Ionic compounds How do ionic compounds work? Provide an example.

Answer 55

When an ionic compound is formed the electrons lost by the cation re gained by the anion.

Question 56

Ionic compound How is an Ionic bond created?

Answer 56

Created by the electrostatic attraction between a positively charged cation and a negatively charged anion.

Question 57

Ionic compound What is a chemical bond?

Answer 57

An attractive force between two atoms which hold them together in a compound.

Question 58

Atoms and Ions Does a metal atom lose all of its electrons in the outermost shell or just one?

Answer 58

It looses them all from the outermost shell.

Question 59

Atoms and Ions What is the octet rule?

Answer 59

The octet rule is a rule that states that a full valence she means that gas is stable and means stability.

Question 60

Atoms and Ions What are noble gases so unreactive?

Answer 60

Because they have a full outermost shell. Valence shell.

Question 61

Atoms and Ions What group is the most stable on the periodic table?

Answer 61

Noble gases

Question 62

Atoms and Ions Draw an example of an Ions of fluorine

Answer 62

(Photo numbed 4)

Question 63

Multivalence What do metals in group 1 and 2 have in common and what do metals in ground 3 to 16 have in common in terms of valence.

Answer 63

Metals in group 1 and 2 have one valence. 3 to 16 have 2 or more valences.

Question 64

Multivalent ions What are the six most common multivalent ions?

Answer 64

Iron, copper, gold, tin, lead, mercury.

Question 65

Multivalent ions How do we show the charge of a multivalent ions in the name?

Answer 65

We would add a Roman number

Question 66

Multivalent ions Provide examples of names for Fe3+ Pb4+ Cu+

Answer 66

Iron 3 Lead 4 Copper 1

Question 67

Multivalent ions Write the chemical formula for hydrogen bromide.

Answer 67

HgBr2

Question 68

Multivalent ions How do you find the charge of a multivalent ions? Examples

Answer 68

First find the charge of the anions. Divide the value of the total charge evenly along all cations. Example There are 2 oxygen ions for a total of 2x2-= 4 There must be 4 positive charges Therefore the lead ions is 4+ The name is lead 4 oxide

Question 69

Multivalent ions Write the formula for Iron 3 oxide

Answer 69

Fe 3+ O 2- LCM= 6 fe2O3

Question 70

Polyatomic ions What is a polyatomic ions?

Answer 70

Is made up from many atoms that act as a single ions has

Question 71

Polyatomic ions What’s the formula and charge of carbonate?

Answer 71

CO3 2- charge

Question 72

Acid precipitation What is produced when sulphur dioxide reacts with oxygen

Answer 72

Sulphur trioxide. SO3+H2O= H2SO4

Question 73

Acid precipitation Do coal and natural gas also contain sulphur

Answer 73

Yes!

Question 74

Acid precipitation What releases sulphur dioxide into the atmosphere?

Answer 74

Many industries process such as smelting of ores and the production of steel releases sulphur dioxide into the atmosphere.