Chemistry Ch. 3 Vocab Flashcards
(28 cards)
The physical forms in which all matter naturally exists on Earth. Most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas.
States of Matter
A form of matter that has its own definite shape and volume is incompressible and expands only slightly when heated.
solid
A form of matter that flows, has constant volume and takes the shape of its container.
liquid
A form of matter that flows to conform to the shape of its container, fills the containers and tire volume and is easily compressed.
gas
Gaseous state of a substance that is a liquid or solid at room temperature.
Vapor
A characteristic of matter that can be observed or measured without changing the composition of the sample. For example density, Colour, taste, harness color, and melting point
Physical property
A Physical property such as mass, length, and volume, is dependent upon the amount of substance present.
Extensive property
A physical property that remains the same no matter how much of a substance is present.
Intensive property
The ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into one or more new substances.
Chemical property
A type of change that alters the physical properties of a substance but does not change its composition.
physical change
A transition of matter from one state to another.
phase change
A process involving one or more substances changing into new substances is also called a chemical reaction.
chemical change
states that mass is neither created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction but is conserved.
law of conservation of mass
A physical blend of two or more pure substances in any proportion in which each substance retains its individual properties; can be separated by physical means.
mixture
One that does not have a uniform composition and in which the individual substances remain distinct.
heterogeneous mixture
One that has a uniform composition throughout and always has a single phase; Also called a solution.
homogeneous mixture
A uniform mixture that can contain solids, liquids, or gases; also called a homogeneous mixture.
solution
A technique that uses a porous barrier to separate a solid from a liquid.
Filtration
A technique that can be used to physically separate most homogeneous mixtures based on the differences in the boiling points of substances.
Distillation
A separation technique that produces pure solid particles of a substance from a solution that contains the dissolved substance.
Crystallization
The energy-requiring process by which a solid changes directly to a gas without first becoming a liquid.
Sublimation
A technique that is used to separate the components of a mixture based on the tendency of each component to travel across the surface of a fixed substance.
Chromatography
A pure substance that can’t be broken down into simpler substances by physical or chemical means.
Element
A chart that organizes all known elements into a grid of horizontal rows ( periods) and vertical columns ( groups or families) arranged by increasing atomic number.
periodic table
