Chemistry chapter 11 (Acids and Bases)

Question 1

Characteristics of Acid.

Answer 1

. A solution with a PH below 7
. Neutralizes bases
. Forms H+ ions in solutions
. Corrosive- Reacts with most metals to form hydrogen gas
. Good conductor of electricity

Question 2

What is the pH scale?

Answer 2

A measure of how acidic or alkaline a solution is.

Question 3

Define Corrosive.

Answer 3

A substance that can dissolve or “eat away” at other materials.

Question 4

4 Examples of Organic acids.

Answer 4

i) Ethanoic acid
ii) Methanoic acid
iii) Lactic acid
iv) Citric acid

Question 5

4 Examples of Mineral acids.

Answer 5

i) Carbonic acid
ii) Hydrochloric acid
iii) Nitric acid
iv) Sulfuric acid

Question 6

What Ion indicates that a solution is Alkaline?

Answer 6

A Hydroxide Ion

Question 7

What are indicators?

Answer 7

A substance that changes color when added to acidic or alkaline solutions.

Question 8

What are 3 common indicators?

Answer 8

i) Litmus Solution
ii) Thymolphthalein
iii) Methyl Orange

Question 9

The colors of indication of Litmus Solution?

Answer 9

Acidic: Red
Neutral: Purple
Alkaline: Dark blue

Question 10

The colors of indication of Thymolphthalein?

Answer 10

Acidic: Colorless
Neutral: Colorless
Slightly Alkaline: Light Blue
Strong alkaline: Dark Blue

Question 11

The colors of indication of Methyl Orange?

Answer 11

Acidic: Red
Neutral: Orange
Alkaline: Yellow

Question 12

Define Universal Indicator.

Answer 12

A mixture of indicators that has different colors in different pH levels.

Question 13

Define Alkaline.

Answer 13

Soluble Bases that produce OH- ions in water and have a pH above 7.

Question 14

Define Base.

Answer 14

A substance that neutralizes an acid, producing salt and water as the only products. Soluble bases are called Alkalis.

Question 15

Define Litmus.

Answer 15

The most common indicator, turns Red in acid and Blue in alkaline.

Question 16

Define Thymolphthalein.

Answer 16

An acid base indicator that is colorless in acidic solutions and blue in alkaline solutions.

Question 17

Define Methyl Orange.

Answer 17

An acid-base indicator that is Red in acidic and Yellow in alkaline solutions.

Question 18

What is a pH meter?

Answer 18

A scientific instrument that measures the hydrogen-ion activity in water-based solutions. Indicating its acidity or alkalinity expressed as pH.

Question 19

The rules for the pH scale.

Answer 19

. Acids have a pH less than 7
. The more acidic a solution the lower the pH
. Neutral substances have a pH of 7
. Alkaline solutions have a pH greater than 7

Question 20

Common examples of Alkalies?

Answer 20

. Sodium Hydroxide solution
. Potassium Hydroxide solution
. Calcium Hydroxide solution (limewater)
. Ammonia solution (Ammonium hydroxide)

Question 21

2 examples of bases?

Answer 21

i) Calcium Oxide
ii) Magnesium Oxide

Question 22

Define antacids.

Answer 22

Compounds used medically to treat indigestion by neutralizing excess stomach acid.

Question 23

Examples of Antacids?

Answer 23

. Magnesium Hydroxide
. Magnesium Oxide
. Sodium Carbonate

Question 24

What are Strong Alkalies?

Answer 24

Alkali from group 1 and 2

Question 25

What are Weak Alkalies?

Answer 25

Alkali from group 3

Question 26

Example of an organic solvent?

Answer 26

Methylbenzene

Question 27

What do Non-Metal oxides produce when dissolved?

Answer 27

They (Except Ammonia) produce Acid Oxides.

Question 28

What do Metal-Oxides produce when dissolved into water?

Answer 28

Alkaline Solution

Question 29

How does Sulfur React when Burned with Oxygen?

Answer 29

It burn with a blue flame.

Question 30

How does Phosphorus React when Burned with Oxygen?

Answer 30

It burns with a Yellow flame

Question 31

How does Carbon React when Burned with Oxygen?

Answer 31

It glows red.
(Example: Charcoal)

Question 32

Name 3 Neutral Liquids.

Answer 32

1. H₂O
2. CO
3. NO

Question 33

What is an Amphoteric Oxide?

Answer 33

Amphoteric hydroxide / Amphoteric Metal oxide is a hydroxide / metal oxide that 𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐬 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐛𝐨𝐭𝐡 𝐀𝐜𝐢𝐝 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐀𝐥𝐤𝐚𝐥𝐢 𝐭𝐨 𝐠𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐬𝐚𝐥𝐭 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐰𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐫.

Question 34

Examples of Amphoteric Oxides.

Answer 34

. ZnO (Zinc Oxide)
. Al2O3 (Aluminium Oxide)

Question 35

Difference between weak Acids and Strong acids?

Answer 35

Strong acids give up Hydrogen ions easily and completely dissociate in water; While Weak acids hold on to Hydrogen ions and partially dissociate in water.

Question 36

Examples of Weak acids?

Answer 36

Ethanoic acid, Carbonic acid

Question 37

Examples of Strong acids?

Answer 37

Hydrochloric (HCl), Sulfuric acid (H2SO4), Nitric acid (HNO3).

Question 38

Difference between Strong bases and Weak bases?

Answer 38

Strong bases dissociate completely into water; while weak bases partially dissociate.

Question 39

Why are strong alkalis and acids strong electrolytes?

Answer 39

Because of the high concentration of ions that dissociate into the water.

Question 40

Why are weak alkali and acids weak electrolytes?

Answer 40

Because they have less concentration of ions as less of them dissociate into the water.

Question 41

The dissociation in what substances are reversible?

Answer 41

Weak Alkali and Acids.

Question 42

What is an Acid (Proton transfer)?

Answer 42

A molecule or ion that is able to donate a proton (H+) to a base.

Question 43

What is an Alkali (Proton transfer)?

Answer 43

A molecule or substance that is able to accept a proton.

Question 44

What does the basicity of an acid dictate?

Answer 44

The amount of replaceable Hydrogen atoms present per molecule.

Question 45

Example of Tribasic acids?

Answer 45

H3PO4 (Phosphoric acid)

Question 46

Examples of Monobasic acid?

Answer 46

HCl (Hydrochloric acid), HNO3 (Nitric acid)

Question 47

Examples of Dibasic acids?

Answer 47

H2CO3 (Carbonic Acid), H2SO4 (Sulfuric Acid).