Chemistry-chpt 2

Question 0

Element

Answer 0

Pure substance= building block of matter

Question 1

Matter

Answer 1

Substance that takes up space

Question 2

How many naturally occurring atoms elements are there?

Answer 2

92

Question 3

Moat important elements to living things?

Answer 3

Carbon
Hydrogen 
Nitrogen 
Oxygen 
Phosphorus 
Sulfur 

CHNOPS

Question 4

Atom

Answer 4

Smallest unit of an element

Question 5

Which has more energy

• Inner shell
• Outer shell

Answer 5

Outer

Question 6

Atomic number

Answer 6

Number of protons

Question 7

Atomic mass

Answer 7

Proton and neutrons together

Question 8

Periodic table

Answer 8

• first letter of element is used as symbol
• atomic number places above atomic symbol
• arranged horizontally by increasing atomic number
• arranged vertically by number of electrons in outer most shell

Question 9

Isotopes

Answer 9

atoms of the same element that have the same atomic number but different numbers of neutrons

Question 10

What does atomic mass represent

Answer 10

Average atoms of each element

Question 11

What do unstable isotopes do as they decay

Answer 11

Emit radioactive particles

Question 12

Uses for radioactive isotopes

Answer 12

Carbon dating
Radioactive tracers in medical tests
Medical imaging
Radioactive therapy

Question 13

Molecule

Answer 13

Formed by the bonding of two atoms combined

Question 14

Compound molecule

Answer 14

Molecule composed of atoms of two or more different elements

Question 15

Ionic bond

Answer 15

Electrostatic interaction between cation and anion

Question 16

Why do atoms react with other atoms

Answer 16

To get a full outer electron she’ll

Question 17

Ion

Answer 17

An atom which has lost if gained electrons bc of a chemical reaction

Question 18

Covalent bond

Answer 18

Bond that holds Atoms together to form molecules

Question 19

Are electrons shared or transferred in covenant bonds ?

Answer 19

Shared

Question 20

Are atoms shared or transferred in ions and ionic bonds?

Answer 20

Transferred

Question 21

Acids

Answer 21

Molecules that release hydrogen ions(atoms that lost an electron) when dissolved in water

Question 22

Bases

Answer 22

Extra electrons

Question 23

pH scale

Answer 23

Measure the positive and negative charges of atoms

Question 24

Nonpolar covalent bond

Answer 24

Electrons shared equally

Question 25

Polar covalent bond

Answer 25

Electrons shared unequally ( normally happens of atoms are different from one another)

Question 26

Electron dot formula

Answer 26

Shows only outermost electrons

Question 27

Molecular formula

Answer 27

Only the number of each type of atom in a molecule is represented

Question 28

Structural formula

Answer 28

Lines represent shared electrons

Question 29

Molecules are 4-d 3-d or 2-d

Answer 29

3-d

Question 30

What do molecular shapes determine

Answer 30

Function

Question 31

How much does water make up in living things

Answer 31

70%

Question 32

Which ends are positive and negative in a water molecule

Answer 32

Oxygen- negative | Hydrogen-positive

Question 33

Polar molecules

Answer 33

Have a positive and negative end

Question 34

Hydrogen bond

Answer 34

Attraction between positive end in one molecule and negative in another molecule

Question 35

Properties of water due to hydrogen bonding and polarity

Answer 35

- universal solvent - liquid at room temperature and body temperature - water molecules are cohesive(one molecule sticks to another) - high specific heat-resist change in temperature - high heat of vaporization - keeps body from overheating - water is less dense at 4°C so ice floats on liquid water

Question 36

What equal parts does water break into

Answer 36

Hydrogen ions(H+) and hydroxyl ions(OH-)

Question 37

What does acid release

Answer 37

H+

Question 38

What does bases release

Answer 38

OH-

Question 39

Acidic solution

Answer 39

- have sour taste - release hydrogen ions when they break up in water - ex:coffe lemon juice and vinegar

Question 40

Basic solutions

Answer 40

- have bitter taste - feel slimy or slippery to touch - release hydroxyl ions - ex: ammonia and sodium hydroxide

Question 41

Buffer

Answer 41

Substance that resists change in pH

Question 42

Buffed consists of

Answer 42

Chemical or group of chemicals

Question 43

Buffers function by

Answer 43

Binding excess hydrogen ion or hydroxyl ions

Question 44

What do ALL organic molecules contain

Answer 44

Hydrogen and Carbon

Question 45

Large macromolecule

Answer 45

Polymers

Question 46

Monomers

Answer 46

Small organic molecules

Question 47

Organic molecules are composed of smaller units called monomers. -further explain monomers?

Answer 47

- monomers are small organic molecules | - either exist separately or are bonded together to form polymers

Question 48

Dehydration synthesis

Answer 48

- links monomers together to form a polymer - 2 hydrogen and 1 oxygen removed in reaction and unite to form water - water is always a biproduct

Question 49

Hydrolysis

Answer 49

- Polymer is broken down to monomers | - water is required to replace 2 hydrogens And the oxygen

Question 50

Glycoproteins

Answer 50

Sugar protein that is unique to every individual, every cell in your body has this glycoprotein. If a cell doesn't have it than it is destroyed by your immune system

Question 51

Carbohydrates

Answer 51

- ration of Hydrogen atoms to Oxygen atoms is 2:1 - "hydrates of carbon" - atomic grouping of H-C-OH

Question 52

Function of carbohydrates

Answer 52

- principal energy source - short term energy storage - structural components - cell to cell recognition=surface antigens

Question 53

Glucose molecular formula

Answer 53

C6 H12 O6

Question 54

Saccharide

Answer 54

Sugar ring

Question 55

Simple carbohydrates

Answer 55

Monosaccharides (1) | Disaccharides (2)

Question 56

Monosaccharides

Answer 56

Simple sugars like glucose and fructose

Question 57

Disaccharides

Answer 57

2 monosaccharide bonded together

Question 58

Examples of Disaccharides

Answer 58

Sucrose (glucose+fructose) Galactose (glucose+lactose) Maltose( glucose+glucose)

Question 59

Polysaccharides

Answer 59

Large polymers of monosaccharides

Question 60

Cellulose

Answer 60

- structural carb in plant - "fiber" - indigestible by human enzymes

Question 61

Starches and Glycogen

Answer 61

- quick energy storage | - starches are long chains of

Question 62

Sucrose

Answer 62

Glucose | Fructose

Question 63

Galactose

Answer 63

Glucose | Lactose

Question 64

Maltose

Answer 64

Glucose | Glucose