Chemistry Concepts

Question 1

Also called paraffins

Answer 1

Alkanes

Question 2

Also called olefins

Answer 2

Alkenes

Question 3

Total carbon atoms of alkanes in gas state under ambient conditions

Answer 3

1 to 4 C atoms

Question 4

Total carbon atoms of alkanes in liquid state under ambient conditions

Answer 4

5 to 17 C atoms

Question 5

Total carbon atoms of alkanes in solid state under ambient conditions

Answer 5

> 18 C atoms

Question 6

It is the conversion of ammonium cyanate to urea

Answer 6

Wohler Synthesis

Question 7

Use of Na in dry ether to combine alkyl halides in coupling reaction

Answer 7

Wurtz Synthesis

Question 8

Reaction for preparing asymmetrical ethers

Answer 8

Williamson synthesis

Question 9

How can you differentiate alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes

Answer 9

Reaction with Br2

Question 10

Ability of carbon to form bonds with another carbon atom

Answer 10

Catenation

Question 11

Structures wherein electrons are localized in covalent bonds

Answer 11

Lewis Structures

Question 12

Structures wherein electrons are delocalized in covalent bonds

Answer 12

Resonance Structures

Question 13

Every Lewis structure applicable to all movements of electrons in a molecule

Answer 13

Contributing structure

Question 14

Combination of all contributing structures that represents the true structure

Answer 14

Resonance hybrid

Question 15

Umbrella term for different compounds with the same molecular formula

Answer 15

Isomers

Question 16

Isomers that differ in atomic connectivity

Answer 16

Constitutional isomers

Question 17

Isomers that differ in spatial arrangement of atoms

Answer 17

Stereoisomers

Question 18

Stereoisomers that are mirror images of one another and are not superimposable

Answer 18

Enantiomers

Question 19

Stereoisomers which have the same molecular formula and sequences of bonded elements but which are nonsuperimposable, non-mirror images

Answer 19

Diastereomers

Question 20

Compound where one atom donates both electrons

Answer 20

coordinate covalent compound

Question 21

Phenomenon wherein a permanent dipole arises in a given molecule due to the unequal sharing of the bonding electrons in the molecule. This effect can arise a sigma bonds.

Answer 21

Inductive Effect

Question 22

Delocalization of o electrons of C-H bond of alkyl group directly attached to an atom of the unsaturated system or to an atom with an unshared p orbital

Answer 22

Hyperconjugation

Question 23

The instantaneous formation of a dipole in the molecule of an organic compound with multiple bonds due to the complete transfer of shared pi electrons pairs to one of the atoms under the influence of an attacking reagent

Answer 23

Electrometric Effect

Question 24

Involves the intramolecular movement of sigma and pi bonds in a molecule

Answer 24

3,3-sigmatropic rearrangements (Cope-Hardy reaction)

Question 25

Meaning of Z-configuration in the E-Z Notational System

Answer 25

German Zusammen meaning "Together"

Question 26

Meaning of E-configuration in the E-Z Notational System

Answer 26

German entgegen meaning "Opposite"

Question 27

Meaning of the R orientation in the R-S notational system

Answer 27

R-rectus, Latin for "right" CCW configuration

Question 28

Meaning of the S orientation in the R-S notational system

Answer 28

S-sinister, Latin for "left" CCW configuration

Question 29

Properties affecting the stability of an alkane/alkene

Answer 29

In order of Priority: No of C atoms (Inversely Proportional) No. of substituents (Proportional) No. of Double bonds (Proportional)

Question 30

Value of dihedral angle in gauche staggered conformation

Answer 30

60 degrees

Question 31

Value of dihedral angle in anti staggered conformation

Answer 31

180 degrees

Question 32

Solid catalyst for the hydrogenation of alkenes

Answer 32

Pt, Pd, Ni, Rh

Question 33

Catalyst for dehydration of alcohols

Answer 33

H2SO4 and H3PO4

Question 34

What types of alcohol prefers SN1

Answer 34

Secondary/tertiary alcohol

Question 35

What types of alcohol prefers SN2

Answer 35

Primary/unsubstituted alcohols

Question 36

Product of the addition of an alcohol to an aldehyde

Answer 36

Hemiacetal (Unstable)

Question 37

Product of the addition of two alcohols to an aldehyde

Answer 37

Acetal (Stable)

Question 38

Product of adding peroxyacid to aldehydes

Answer 38

Carboxylic AcidP

Question 39

Product of adding peroxyacid to ketones

Answer 39

Ester

Question 40

Compound produced by the reaction of aldehydes and ketones with HCN

Answer 40

Cyanohydrin

Question 41

Compound formed from the reaction of acids with alcohols

Answer 41

Esters

Question 42

How many double bonds are in geraniol

Answer 42

2

Question 43

States that the major product of an addition reaction will bond to the more substituted alkene

Answer 43

Markovnikov's Rule

Question 44

States that the major product of an addition reaction will bond to the less substituted alkene

Answer 44

Anti-Markovnikov's Rule

Question 45

States that the major product of an elimination reaction will be the most stable alkene

Answer 45

Zaitsev's Rule

Question 46

States that the major product of an elimination reaction will be the least stable alkene

Answer 46

Hoffman's Rule

Question 47

States that the major product of a rearrangement reaction will be the most stable alkene

Answer 47

Baldwin's Rule

Question 48

A center where exchanging two substituents will produce a different atom

Answer 48

Stereogenic center

Question 49

Carbon atom with 4 different substituents

Answer 49

Chiral center

Question 50

Archiral compounds with multiple chiral centers

Answer 50

Meso Compounds

Question 51

What does zero degree polarize light mean?

Answer 51

There are equal amounts of two enantiomers