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Physical Sciences > chemistry definitions (10) > Flashcards

chemistry definitions (10) Flashcards

(52 cards)

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1
Q

cation

A

a positive ion formed when a neutral atom has lost one or more electrons

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2
Q

anion

A

a negative ion formed when a neutral atom has gained one or more electrons

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3
Q

diffusion

A

the movement of particles in a high concentration to a low concentration

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4
Q

freezing point

A

the temperature at which a liquid changes it’s phase to become a solid

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5
Q

boiling point

A

the temperature at which vapour pressure of a substance equals atmospheric pressure

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6
Q

melting point

A

the temperature at which a solid changes it’s phase or state to become a liquid

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7
Q

evaporation

A

process of going from liquid to gas

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8
Q

sublimation

A

process of going from solid to gas

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9
Q

condensation

A

process of going from gas to liquid

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10
Q

relative atomic mass

A

the ratio of the average mass of one atom of an element to one twelfth if the mass of an atom of carbon-12

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11
Q

mass number

A

number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

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12
Q

isotope

A

are atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons resulting in different atomic masses

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13
Q

orbital

A

region of space where you are most likely to find electrons

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14
Q

atomic radius

A

the measure of the size of an atom ie the distance from the centre of the nucleus to the point where the electron cloud ends

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15
Q

electron affinity

A

the amount of energy released when an atom in the gaseous phase gains an electron to form a negative ion

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16
Q

electrons negativity

A

the measure of the tendency of an atom to attract bonding electrons

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17
Q

first ionisation energy

A

the amount of energy required to remove the first electron from an tom in its gaseous state to from a positive ion

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18
Q

periodicity

A

quality or character of being repeated at intervals

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19
Q

halide

A

binary compound of a hologram with another element or group of elements

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20
Q

covalent bonding

A

a sharing of at least one pair of electrons by two non metal atoms

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21
Q

ionic bonding

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A

a transfer of electrons and subsequent electrostatic attraction

22
Q

metallic bonding

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A

electrostatic attraction between the positively charged atomic nuclei of metals atoms and a sea of delocalised electrons

23
Q

delocalised electron cloud

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A

electrons that are not at a specific point in a group of atoms

24
Q

covalent molecular structures

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A

crystal lattice that consist of separate molecules

25
covalent network structures
crystal lattice that consists of giant repeating lattices of covalently bonded atoms
26
empirical formulae
shows the simplest ratio of atoms in the compound
27
non-polar (pure) covalent bonding
equal sharing of bonding electrons
28
polar covalent bond
unequal sharing of bonding electrons
29
law of conservation of mass
the total mass of substances taking part in a chemical reaction is conserved during the reaction
30
chemical change
a change in which the chemical nature of the substances involved changes, new chemical substances are formed
31
physical change
a change that does not alter the chemical nature of the substance, no new chemical substances are formed
32
molecular formula
concise way of expressing information about the atoms that make up a particular covalent molecular compound
33
molecule
when atoms share electrons, are bonded covalently the resulting collection of atoms is known as molecule
34
oxide
an ion of oxygen
35
valency
the number of electrons in the outer shell of an atom which are able to form bonds with other atoms
36
chemical bond
physical process that causes atoms to be attracted to eachother and held together in more stable chemical compounds called molecules
37
group
vertical column on the periodic table
38
valence electrons
electrons found in the outermost energy level of an atom that can participate in forming chemical bonds with other atoms
39
pauli’s exclusion principle
electrons have a property of spin and two electrons must have opposite spin to share a subshell
40
hunds rule
electrons would rather be in a subshell on their own than share the orbital in the same energy level
41
neutron
particle found in the nucleus of an atom it has no electrical charge
42
electron
smallest particle that makes up an atom and is found outside the nucleus it’s negatively charged
43
proton
positively charged particle found in the nucleus
44
atomic number
number of protons in an atom
45
kinetic molecular theory
All matter is composed particles which have a certain amount of energy which allows them to move at different speeds depending on the temperature. there are spaces between the particles and also attractive forces between particles when they come close together
46
brownian motion
random motion of particles suspended in a liquid or gas resulting from their collision with quick atoms or molecules in the gas or liquid
47
metalloids
elements with mostly non-metallic properties and their distinguishing characteristic is that their conductivity increases as their temperature increases
48
compound
a group of 2 or more atoms attracted by relatively strong bonds the atoms are combined in definite proportions
49
element
a substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by chemical means
50
homogenous mixture
a mixture that is uniform, and the different components cannot be seen
51
heterogenous mixture
a mixture that consists of two or more substances that is non-uniform and the different components of the mixture can be seen
52
mixture
a combination of two or more substances where these substances are not bonded and no chemical reaction occurs between them

Physical Sciences (19 decks)

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