Chemistry - Equilibria, Energetics and Elements - F325 - Transition Elements (3)

Question 1

Where are the d block elements found?

Answer 1

The d block elements are found between groups 2 and 3.

Question 2

Transition elements form ions with incomplete of which sub-shell?

Answer 2

Transition elements form ions with incomplete d sub-shells.

Question 3

Which two transition metals actually do not form ions with partially filled d sub-shells?

Answer 3

Scandium and zinc, the first and last members of this row are not actually classed as transition metals because they do not have any ions with partially filled d orbitals.

Question 4

Transition metals have ……….. densities.

Answer 4

Transition metals have high densities.

Question 5

Transition metals have ……… melting and boiling points.

Answer 5

Transition metals have high melting and boiling points.

Question 6

Which electrons are usually lost first, the 3d or 4s electrons?

Answer 6

The 4s electrons are usually lost first because they occupy a higher energy level than the 3d electrons.

Question 7

Define a catalyst.

Answer 7

A catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of reaction by providing an alternative route for the reaction to follow

Question 8

What is used as the catalyst in the Haber process?

Answer 8

Iron is used as the catalyst in the Haber process.

Question 9

What is used as the catalyst in the contact process?

Answer 9

Vanadium (V) oxide is used as the catalyst in the contact process.

Question 10

In the hydrogenation of alkenes, what is used as the catalyst?

Answer 10

In the hydrogenation of alkenes, a nickel metal catalyst is used to lower the temperature and pressure required to carry out the reaction.

Question 11

What is used as the catalyst in the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen?

Answer 11

Manganese oxide is used as the catalyst in the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen.

Question 12

Define a precipitation reaction.

Answer 12

A precipitation reaction is one in which soluble ions, in separate solutions, are mixed together to produce an insoluble compound.

Question 13

Define a complex ion.

Answer 13

A complex ion is a transition metal ion bonded to one or more ligands by coordinate bonds (dative covalent bonds).

Question 14

Define a ligand.

Answer 14

A ligand is a molecule or ion that can donate a pair of electrons to the transition metal ion to form a coordinate bond.

Question 15

What is the coordination number?

Answer 15

The coordination number is the total number of coordinate bonds formed between a central metal ion and its ligands.

Question 16

What is a monodentate ligand?

Answer 16

A monodentate ligand is one that donates just one pair of electrons to the central metal ion to form one coordinate bond.

Question 17

What is the most common shape of complex ions?

Answer 17

Octahedral is the most common shape of complex ions.

Question 18

Define stereoisomers.

Answer 18

Stereoisomers are species with the same structural formula but with a different arrangement of the atoms in space.

Question 19

What is a bidentate ligand?

Answer 19

Bidentate ligands can donae two lone pairs of electrons to the central metal ion to form two coordinate bonds.

Question 20

Which types of complex ions can show cis-trans isomerism?

Answer 20

Octahedral complexes containing bidentate ligands can show cis-trans isomerism.

Question 21

What is a hexadentate ligand?

Answer 21

A hexadentate ligand has six lone pairs of electrons, each forming a coordinate bond to a metal ion in a complex ion.

Question 22

What is ligand substitution?

Answer 22

Ligand substitution is a reaction in which one ligand in a complex ion is replaced by another ligand.

Question 23

Haemoglobin consists of how many polypeptide chains?

Answer 23

Haemoglobin consists of four polypeptide chains.

Question 24

What are the polypeptide chains in haemoglobin?

Answer 24

The polypeptide chains are haem groups.

Question 25

What does each haem group have at its centre?

Answer 25

Each haem group has Fe2+ at its centre.

Question 26

What can the Fe2+ at the centre of each haem group do?

Answer 26

Each haem group has Fe2+ at its centre which can bind oxygen.

Question 27

How many coordinate bonds are there between the Fe2+ and the nitrogen in the haem structure?

Answer 27

There are four coordinate bonds between the Fe2+ ion and the nitrogen in the haem structure.

Question 28

Fe2+ forms coordinate bonds with what?

Answer 28

Four coordinate bonds with nitrogen.
A coordinate bond with the protein globin
And a coordinate bond to an oxygen molecule.

Question 29

TRUE or FALSE

The binding of carbon monoxide to haemoglobin is reversible.

Answer 29

FALSE!

The binding of carbon monoxide to haemoglobin is irreversible.

Question 30

How is carbon monoxide formed?

Answer 30

Carbon monoxide is formed from the incomplete combustion of carbon containing fuels.

Question 31

Define the stability constant.

Answer 31

The stability constant, Kstab, is the equilibrium constant for an equilibrium existing between a transition metal ion surrounded by water ligands and the complex formed when the same ion has undergone ligand substitution.