Chemistry: Equilibrium Reactions Flashcards
What are the conditions required for equilibrium?
-closed system -approached from either direction, final position is the same
-rates of two opposing processes are same (dynamic)
-macroscopic properties (concentration, density, pressure) of system do not change with time
What symbol denotes a reversible reaction?
forwards and backwards arrow
What happens to the position of equilibrium when the proportion of products increases?
equilibrium moves to left/backwards direction to oppose change
What happens to the position of equilibrium when the proportion of reactants is increased?
equilibrium moves to right/forwards direction to oppose change
What is Le Chateliers principle?
states if a system at equilibrium is changed, the equilibrium moves in the direction to oppose the change
What happens to the position of equilibrium if you increase the concentration of one reactant?
position of equilibrium shift to the right/forward direction to oppose the change
What happens to the position of equilibrium if you remove one of the products as it is formed?
position of equilibrium will shift to right/forward direction to oppose the change
What happens when you increase the pressure of a gas?
more molecules of gas in a given volume
What happens to the position of equilibrium when pressure is increased?
equilibrium moves in direction with the fewest molecules as they exert less pressure, opposes change
If pressure is equal, what happen to the position of the equilibrium?
doesn’t change
If a reversible reaction is exothermic in one direction, what is it in the opposite direction?
endothermic
If you increase the temperature of an exothermic reaction, what happens to the position of equilibrium?
the equilibrium position will shift in the endothermic direction to oppose the change
How do catalysts affect equilibrium?
no effect on position as alternative pathway of lower activation energy is equal throughout
What features are needed for a dynamic equilibrium?
-concentration of reactants and products same -all reactants and products present
-forwards and backwards same rate -reactions occurring simultaneously
What is a closed system?
no particles can leave nor enter system
