Chemistry Exam Study

Question 1

Proton

Answer 1

A particle with a positive charge that lies in the nucleus of an atom.

Question 2

Neutron

Answer 2

Another particle that lies in the nucleus of an atom. This particle has no charge.

Question 3

Electron

Answer 3

A particle that has a negative charge. Lies outside the nucleus of an atom, surrounding it.

Question 4

Mass Number

Answer 4

The total number of protons and neutrons.

Question 5

Molecule

Answer 5

A group of atoms bonded together.

Question 6

Compound

Answer 6

A chemical mixture of 2 or more different types of atoms.

Question 7

Atom

Answer 7

A particle of matter that represents a chemical element.

Question 8

Period

Answer 8

The horizontal rows of the periodic table. Can tell you the energy level of an atom.

Question 9

Group

Answer 9

The vertical rows of the periodic table.Can tell you the number of valence electrons in an atom and their oxidation number.

Question 10

Valence Electron

Answer 10

The electrons on the outermost shell of an atom.

Question 11

Oxidation Number

Answer 11

The charge of an atom. Can be found on the vertical rows of the PT according to the element.

Question 12

Octet Rule

Answer 12

Means that atoms prefer to have 8 electrons in the valence shell.

Question 13

Electronegativity

Answer 13

Describes the tendency of an atom to attract electrons towards itself.

Question 14

Atomic Number

Answer 14

Tells the number of protons and electrons an atom has.

Question 15

Diatomic Molecule

Answer 15

Molecules that contain only two atoms bonded to one another.

Question 16

Transition Metals

Answer 16

D orbital elements that are located between G2 and G3.

Question 17

Alkaline Metals

Answer 17

First group in the periodic table.

Question 18

Halogens

Answer 18

Nonmetals. There are different elements in the group therefore, certain elements can become gasses, solids, or liquid at room temperature. Very reactive.

Question 19

Alkali Earth Metals

Answer 19

Second group in the periodic table.

Question 20

Noble Gases

Answer 20

The last group in the periodic table (G8).

Question 21

Actinide Series

Answer 21

The second row of elements are the bottom of a periodic table.

Question 22

Lanthanide Series

Answer 22

Elements with atomic numbers from 58-71. All transition metals.

Question 23

Ionic

Answer 23

Relating to ions; The transfer of electrons between a nonmetal and a metal.

Question 24

Isotope

Answer 24

Like a copy of an element except with different neutrons but same atomic number.

Question 25

Covalent

Answer 25

The sharing of electrons pairs between 2 nonmetals.

Question 26

Ion

Answer 26

An atom or molecule with charge. 2 types: Cation (positive) and anion (negative).

Question 27

Beta Particle

Answer 27

Formula: 0/-1 e/b

Question 28

Positron

Answer 28

Formula: 0/+1 e

Question 29

AZE Format

Answer 29

A: Mass number Z: Atomic number E: Element symbol

Question 30

Fission

Answer 30

Splitting into parts. In this case, it would be with atoms, it releases energy.

Question 31

Fusion

Answer 31

When two atoms slam together to form a heavier atom. This also releases energy.

Question 32

Half-life

Answer 32

The amount of time it takes for one-half of something to decay.

Question 33

Synthesis

Answer 33

The process of two or more atoms coming together to form a more complex product.

Question 34

Law of Conversation of Mass

Answer 34

Mass cannot be created nor destroyed.

Question 35

Combustion Reaction

Answer 35

A reaction in which a substance reacts with oxygen gas, releasing energy in the form of light and heat.

Question 36

Double Replacement Reaction

Answer 36

A reaction in which the positive and negative ions of two ionic compounds exchange places to form two new compounds.

Question 37

s, p, d, f

Answer 37

Relating to electron configuration. S: Sharpe / P: Principal / D: Diffuse / F: Fundamental

Question 38

Single Replacement Reaction

Answer 38

A reaction in which one element is substituted for another element in a compound.

Question 39

Decomposition Reaction

Answer 39

A chemical reaction in which one reactant breaks down into two or more products.

Question 40

Bohr Model

Answer 40

Shows the atom as a central nucleus containing protons and neutrons with the electrons in circular orbitals at specific distances from the nucleus.

Question 41

Lewis Dot Diagram

Answer 41

Uses dots to represent valence electrons around an atomic symbol.

Question 42

Electron Configuration

Answer 42

Describes where electrons are located around the nucleus of an atom.

Question 43

Orbital Diagram

Answer 43

Pictorial descriptions of the electrons in an atom.

Question 44

Subscript

Answer 44

A letter or number written below the line.

Question 45

Scientific Notation

Answer 45

A way of writing very large or very small numbers.

Question 46

Coefficient

Answer 46

A number placed before an equation to balance things out.

Question 47

Molar Mass

Answer 47

The mass of one mole of any substance.

Question 48

Units of Mass

Answer 48

gram (g), kilogram (kg), and milligram (things like that).

Question 49

Units of Volume

Answer 49

Measures capacity. Things like centiliters = liters.