Chemistry Final Flashcards
(23 cards)
Precipitate
An insoluble solid that emerges from a liquid solution
Reactant
Substances that react
Product
Substances that are made
Coefficient
Numbers in front of each substance in an equation
Endothermic
When a process absorbs energy
Exothermic
When a process gives off energy
Soluble
When something can dissolve
Insoluble
When something doesn’t dissolve
Mole ratio
The ratio between the amounts in moles of two compounds involved in a chemical reaction
The mole ratio may be determined by examining the coefficients in front of formulas in a balanced chemical equation
Limiting reactant
If you do a chemical reaction and one of the chemicals gets used up before the other one, the one that got used up is called the “limiting reagent” because it limited the amount of product that could be formed. The other one is called the excess reagent.
Theoretical yield
The amount of a product which should be made in a chemical reaction if everything goes perfectly
Percent yield
The actual yield divided by the theoretical yield, times 100
Atomic size
The atomic radius is a measure of the size of its atoms from the center of the nucleus to the boundary of the surrounding cloud of electrons
Solubility
A measurement of how much of a solute can dissolve in a liquid
Stoichiometry
The study of the quantitative relationships or ratios between two or more substances undergoing a physical change or chemical change (chemical reaction)
Electromagnetic radiation
Radiant energy that exhibits wavelike behavior and travels through space at the speed of light in a vacuum
Frequency (v)
Number of waves (cycles) per second that pass a given point in space
A ______ formula tells the exact makeup of 1 molecule of a molecular compound
Molecular
What is tetra and what is penta
Tetra is 4
Penta is 5
Hund’s rule
Electrons will pair up in an orbital only when all orbitals in the same sublevel have one electron, and when single electrons occupy different orbitals of the same sublevel they all have the same spin
Pauli exclusion principle
The restriction on the placement of electrons into the same orbital, if two electrons occupy the same orbital they must have opposite spins
How many liters is STP
22.4 L
Aufbau Principle
The 1s (and other “s” orbitals) must be completely full before going onto the next orbital, and in general, the previous orbital must be full before going onto the next
