chemistry flashcards

Question 1

Nucleophilic Substitution

Answer 1

R–X + OH⁻ → R–OH + X⁻

Question 2

What are haloalkenes?

Answer 2

Haloalkenes are alkenes that contain one or more halogen atoms.

Question 3

What is the general formula for haloalkenes?

Answer 3

The general formula is CnH2nHal, where Hal represents a halogen.

Question 4

What is the primary reaction mechanism for the addition of HBr to an alkene?

Answer 4

The primary reaction mechanism is electrophilic addition.

Question 5

True or False: Haloalkenes can undergo elimination reactions.

Answer 5

True

Question 6

Which reaction converts haloalkenes to alcohols?

Answer 6

Hydrolysis of haloalkenes converts them to alcohols.

Question 7

What type of reaction do haloarenes typically undergo?

Answer 7

Haloarenes typically undergo nucleophilic substitution reactions.

Question 8

Fill in the blank: Haloarenes are less reactive than haloalkanes due to __________.

Answer 8

the stability of the aromatic system.

Question 9

What is the effect of the halogen substituent on the reactivity of haloarenes?

Answer 9

Halogens are electron-withdrawing groups, making haloarenes less reactive.

Question 10

What is a common reagent used for the nucleophilic substitution of haloarenes?

Answer 10

Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is a common reagent.

Question 11

True or False: Alcohols can be synthesized from haloalkanes.

Answer 11

True

Question 12

What is the mechanism for the conversion of haloalkanes to alcohols?

Answer 12

The mechanism is an SN2 or SN1 reaction, depending on the substrate.

Question 13

Which type of alcohol is produced from the reaction of tertiary haloalkanes?

Answer 13

Tertiary alcohols are produced from the reaction of tertiary haloalkanes.

Question 14

What are phenols?

Answer 14

Phenols are aromatic compounds that contain a hydroxyl (-OH) group directly attached to the benzene ring.

Question 15

What is the main use of phenols in industry?

Answer 15

Phenols are primarily used in the production of plastics and resins.

Question 16

Fill in the blank: The acidity of phenols is due to __________.

Answer 16

the resonance stabilization of the phenoxide ion.

Question 17

What type of reaction do phenols undergo with alkyl halides?

Answer 17

Phenols undergo electrophilic substitution reactions with alkyl halides.

Question 18

True or False: Halogenation of phenols results in the formation of polyhalogenated compounds.

Answer 18

True

Question 19

What is the product of the reaction of phenol with bromine?

Answer 19

The product is 2,4,6-tribromophenol.

Question 20

What is the mechanism of the reaction of phenol with concentrated nitric acid?

Answer 20

The mechanism is electrophilic aromatic substitution.

Question 21

Fill in the blank: The reaction of phenol with zinc dust produces __________.

Answer 21

benzene.

Question 22

What is the effect of substituents on the reactivity of phenols in electrophilic aromatic substitution?

Answer 22

Electron-donating groups increase reactivity, while electron-withdrawing groups decrease it.

Question 23

True or False: Phenols can be oxidized to quinones.

Answer 23

True

Question 24

What is a common test for phenols?

Answer 24

The Ferric chloride test is a common test for phenols.

Question 25

What is the primary product of the reaction of phenols with acetic anhydride?

Answer 25

The primary product is an acetate ester.

Question 26

What type of reaction occurs when haloalkenes react with water in the presence of an acid?

Answer 26

Hydration reaction occurs, forming alcohols.

Question 27

Fill in the blank: The reaction of haloalkenes with potassium permanganate produces __________.

Answer 27

glycols.

Question 28

What is the role of a catalyst in the hydration of haloalkenes?

Answer 28

The catalyst speeds up the reaction without being consumed.

Question 29

What is the product of the reaction of an alcohol with an acid chloride?

Answer 29

The product is an ester.

Question 30

True or False: Haloalkanes can undergo elimination to form alkenes.

Answer 30

True

Question 31

What product is formed when a haloalkane reacts with a strong base?

Answer 31

An alkene is formed when a haloalkane reacts with a strong base.

Question 32

What is the main difference between primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols?

Answer 32

The main difference is the number of alkyl groups attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxyl group.

Question 33

What is the expected product when phenol reacts with a strong oxidizing agent?

Answer 33

The expected product is a quinone.

Question 34

Fill in the blank: The reaction of haloalkenes with sodium hydroxide forms __________.

Answer 34

alcohols.

Question 35

What is the primary mechanism for the conversion of alcohols to haloalkanes?

Answer 35

The primary mechanism is through an SN1 or SN2 reaction.

Question 36

True or False: The presence of multiple halogen atoms in haloalkanes increases their reactivity.

Answer 36

True

Question 37

What is a key factor that affects the stability of carbocations formed during haloalkane reactions?

Answer 37

The stability of carbocations increases with more alkyl substituents.

Question 38

What type of reaction occurs when alcohols react with phosphorus halides?

Answer 38

The reaction is a nucleophilic substitution.

Question 39

Fill in the blank: When phenol is treated with methyl iodide, __________ is produced.

Answer 39

anisole.

Question 40

What is the role of sulfuric acid in the hydration of alkenes?

Answer 40

Sulfuric acid acts as a catalyst and protonates the alkene.

Question 41

What type of product is obtained from the reaction of haloalkenes with hydrogen halides?

Answer 41

Alkyl halides are obtained from the reaction.

Question 42

True or False: All alcohols are soluble in water.

Answer 42

False

Question 43

What is the main characteristic of aromatic alcohols compared to aliphatic alcohols?

Answer 43

Aromatic alcohols have a phenolic structure that contributes to different reactivity.