Chemistry IB SL Exam: Paper 1 and 2

Question 1

Define Convergence

Answer 1

In each series, the lines converge meaning higher levels/shells get closer together

Question 2

Define Emission Spectra

Answer 2

Refers to when electrons are excited to a higher energy level, then return to a lower energy level, they release a photon of specific energy, as shown by a specific frequency of light

Question 3

Isotope of uranium is used for?

Answer 3

Nuclear power

Question 4

¹³¹I or ¹²⁵I is used for?

Answer 4

Medical tracers

Question 5

⁶⁰Co is used for?

Answer 5

Radiotherapy

Question 6

Which of the following increase the amount of product in electrolysis?
I. Increasing the charge of the ion
II. Increasing the current
III. Increasing the duration

Answer 6

II and III

Question 7

Reducing agent 2

Answer 7

— reduces other species and, in the process, is itself oxidized

— gives electrons to something

Question 8

Oxidizing agent2

Answer 8

• – oxidizes other species and, in the process, is itself reduced
• – takes electron away from something

Question 9

Oxidation Number 2

Answer 9

— A purely formal concept that regards all compounds as ionic and assigns charges to the components accordingly

— it provides a guide to the distribution of electrons

Question 10

REDOX reaction2

Answer 10

— A reaction that includes both oxidation and reduction

— If something is oxidized and something is reduced in a reaction, it is a REDOX reaction

Question 11

Reduction 2

Answer 11

— gain of electron

— Decrease in oxidation number

Question 12

Oxidation 2

Answer 12

— loss of electrons

    --- increase in oxidation number

Question 13

How much does 1 mole of gas occupy at standard temperature and pressure?

Answer 13

22.7 L/mol

Question 14

Molecular Formula

Answer 14

The actual number of atoms of different elements covalently bonded in a molecule

Question 15

Empirical Formula

Answer 15

The simplest whole number ratio of atoms of different elements in a compound

Question 16

Nucleophile

Answer 16

Reagents that have a non-bonding pair of electrons; attracted to the C atom in the halogenoalkanes during substitution reactions

Question 17

saturated

Answer 17

containing no C=C double bonds

Question 18

unsaturated

Answer 18

containing at least one C=C double bond

Question 19

Period

Answer 19

horizontal row of elements in the Periodic table

within a period the atoms of the elements have the same number of shells but with an increasing number of electrons in the outer shell

Question 20

Group

Answer 20

vertical column of elements in the Periodic table

the atoms of the elements in the same group all have the same outer shell structure but an increasing number of inner shells.

Question 21

What is the geometry of water?

Answer 21

Tetrahedral

Question 22

Oxidising agent

Answer 22

accepts electrons and becomes reduced

Question 23

Reducing agent

Answer 23

donates electrons and becomes oxidised

Question 24

Solute

Answer 24

the substance dissolved in a solvent forming a solution

Question 25

Solvent

Answer 25

the liquid that dissolves another substance or substances to form a solution

Question 26

Solution

Answer 26

a homogeneous mixture of a liquid (solvent) with another substance (solute) there is usually some interaction between the solvent and solute molecules

Question 27

Concentration

Answer 27

the amount of solute in a known volume of solution expressed as dm^-3

Question 28

Continuous Spectrum

Answer 28

shows an unbroken sequence of frequencies | eg. the spectrum of visible light

Question 29

Line Spectrum

Answer 29

an emission spectrum that has only certain frequencies of light. produced by excited atoms and ions as they fall back to a lower energy level

Question 30

Heterogeneous

Answer 30

Have different properties

Question 31

Mass number

Answer 31

sum of an atom's protons & neutrons

Question 32

Isotopes of an element

Answer 32

atoms of the same element (same atomic number /Z) with a different number of neutrons (different mass number /A)

Question 33

First ionisation energy

Answer 33

the minimum energy required to remove a mole of electrons from a mole of gaseous atoms to form a mole of univalent cations in the gaseous state it is the enthalpy change for the reaction : X(g) → X^+ + e^-

Question 34

Electronegativity

Answer 34

measure of the tendency of an atom in a moloecule to attract a shared pair of electrons towards itself

Question 35

Endothermic reaction 3

Answer 35

Reaction in which energy is absorbed from surroundings Enthalpy change = +ve Forms products with weaker bonds than the reactants

Question 36

Exothermic reaction 3

Answer 36

Reaction that releases heat to surroundings Enthalpy change = -ve Forms products with stronger bonds than the reactants

Question 37

Average bond enthalpy 2

Answer 37

the energy required to break 1 mole of covalent bonds in the reactant, all reactants and products being in the gaseous state. It is an average value because it takes into account the different energies in a bond between the same atoms in different molecules

Question 38

Standard state 5

Answer 38

standard state of an element is its most stable state under the specified conditions A precisely defined reference state as: - Temperature of a substance at exactly 298K - Pressure of gaseous substance are exactly 1 atm - liquids & solids are pure - aqueous solutions are exactly 1 mol per dm cubed

Question 39

Modifying the side chain in penicillin will make them stronger or weaker against penicillinase enzyme?

Answer 39

Stronger, makes them more resistant

Question 40

Meningitis and gonorrhea can be treated with what drug?

Answer 40

Penicillin G

Question 41

A tertiary amine had N joined to _____ C atoms

Answer 41

3 (3 alkyl groups)

Question 42

Which is a more potent analgesic? Diamorphine or morphine? Why?

Answer 42

Diamorphine is a more potent analgesic than morphine because it is better at crossing the blood brain barrier

Question 43

Define Law in science

Answer 43

A description of regular patterns of behavior

Question 44

Define Theory in science

Answer 44

An explanation that provides an understanding across a range of phenomena and disciplines

Question 45

Define atom

Answer 45

Smallest part of an element

Question 46

Define Compound

Answer 46

2 or more elements chemically bonded to each other

Question 47

Homogeneous

Answer 47

Have uniform property