Chemistry in Society

Question 1

addition polymerisation

Answer 1

the reaction between many small, unsaturated molecules (monomers) to form one large molecule (a polymer) and nothing else.

Question 2

alpha particle

Answer 2

a charged particle consisiting of two protons and two neutrons emitted by some radioisotopes.

Question 3

battery

Answer 3

a series of chemical cells joined together

Question 4

beta particle

Answer 4

charged particle consisting of a single electron emitted from the nucleus of some radioisotopes.

Question 5

cell

Answer 5

a device that can produce electrical energy from chemical energy

Question 6

electrochemical series

Answer 6

a list of metals (and hydrogen) in order of their ability to lose electrons and form ions in solution

Question 7

electrolyte

Answer 7

a compound that conducts owing to the movement of ions either when dissolved in water of melted

Question 8

gamma radiation

Answer 8

high-frequency, and high-energy electromagnetic radiation emitted by radioactive substances

Question 9

half-life

Answer 9

the time in which the activity or a radioisotope decays by half, or in which half of its atoms disintegrate

Question 10

ion-electron equation

Answer 10

exquation that shows either the loss os electrons or the gain of electrons

Question 11

malleable

Answer 11

a physical property of metals ( can be shaped by hammering or rolling )

Question 12

metallic bonding

Answer 12

electrostatic attraction between positive metal ions and delocalised electrons

Question 13

monomers

Answer 13

relatively small molecules that can join together to produce a very large molecule by polymerisation

Question 14

nuclear fission

Answer 14

splitting nuclei by bombarding them with slow-moving neutrons

Question 15

nuclear fusion

Answer 15

light nuclei combining to form heavier nuclei and producing a lot of energy

Question 16

oxidation

Answer 16

a process in which electrons are lost by a substance

Question 17

polymer

Answer 17

a very large molecule formed by the joining together of many smaller molecules

Question 18

radioisotopes

Answer 18

atoms that emit radiation because their nuclei are unstable

Question 19

reduction

Answer 19

a process in which electrons are gained by a substance

Question 20

repeating unit

Answer 20

the shortest section of a polymer chain which, if repeated, would yield the complete chain

Question 21

ferfertilisers

Answer 21

substances that restore essential elements for plant growth

Question 22

haHaber process

Answer 22

industrial manufacture of ammonia

Question 23

ammonia

Answer 23

spungent, colourless gas which dissolves in water to form an alkali

Question 24

Ostwald process

Answer 24

manufacture of nitric acid. involves the catalytic oxidation of ammonia.

Question 25

delocalised

Answer 25

describes electrons which are not attached to a particular atom and are free to move

Question 26

ore

Answer 26

naturally occuring metal compounds found in the ground

Question 27

electrolysis

Answer 27

the decomposition (splitting up) of an ionic compound into its elements using electricity

Question 28

OILRIG

Answer 28

a mnemonic to rememver that Oxidation is Loss and Reduction is Gain (of electrons)

Question 29

redox

Answer 29

a reaction where electrons are transferred from one substance to another i.e. when oxidation and reduction happen at the same time.

Question 30

voltage

Answer 30

the electrical potential difference between two points in a circuit

Question 31

electrolyte

Answer 31

a solution which contains ions

Question 32

ion bridge

Answer 32

completes the circuit by allowing ions to move between solutions. (e.g. filter paper soaked in electrolyte)