Chemistry in the Home Flashcards
What is matter?
Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass. It can be divided into pure and impure substances
Define atoms
Atoms are the building blocks of matter. They are neutrally charged and are made of three subatomic particles
What are the three subatomic particles in an atom
Protons- positively charged
Neutrons- neutrally charged
Electrons- negatively charged
Define an element
-Pure substance
-One type of atom
-Cannot be physically separated
-Homogenous
Define a compound
-Made up of two or more atoms that are different
- example water (H20)
Define a molecule
- two or more of the same atoms
- chemically bonded
Define a mixture
-Made up of two or more elements or compounds
-Not chemically bonded together
- Can be physically separated
-e.g. saltwater (salt and water can be separated)
Compare ionic and covalent compounds
Ionic compounds gain or lose electron (I own it)
Covalent compounds involves the sharing of electrons (co-operate)
Describe the use of indicators
Indicators are substance whose solution changes colour due to the change in pH level. The signal how acidic or basic a substance is through colour.
State the pH range for acid, base and neutral substance.
Acid- 0-6
Neutral- 7
Base- 8-14
What happens to the atoms during a chemical reaction
-Bonds are broken
-Atoms are rearranged
State the Law of Conservation of Mass
“Mass can neither be created nor destroyed”
(during a chemical reaction)
Neutralisation general equation
Acid + base -> salt + water
Acid and carbonate general equation
Acid + carbonate -> salt + water +carbon dioxide
Acid and metal general equation
Acid + metal -> salt + hydrogen
