Chemistry IPM 1

Question 1

Hydrocarbon

Answer 1

Compound that only has carbon and hydrogen atoms

Question 2

Molecular formula

Answer 2

shows the number of carbon and hydrocarbon atoms in the compound.

Question 3

Is C2OH6 a hydrocarbon?

Answer 3

It is not a hydrocarbon as it contains oxygen. Hydrocarbons only contain carbon and hydrogen atoms

Question 4

WHat are hydrogen carbons made up of (bonds)?

Answer 4

Hydrocarbons have simple covalent compounds with strong covalent bonds.

Question 5

What is crude oil in terms of hydrocarbons?

Answer 5

Crude oil is a mixture of many different hydrocarbons

Question 6

Saturated hydrocarbon

Answer 6

Has only single covalent bonds

Question 7

What are alkanes

Answer 7

group of compounds that are saturated hydrocarbons.

Question 8

What is the nth term formula for hydrogen atoms when you increase the hydrogen atoms?

Answer 8

2n+2

Question 9

What is the nth term for carbon atoms when you increase the hydrogen atoms

Answer 9

n

Question 10

How are the physical properties of hydrocarbons determined by?

Answer 10

Intermolecular forces of attraction between molecules.

Question 11

What happens to the strength of the intermolecular forces when the chain length increases?

Answer 11

The intermolecular forces increase as more energy is required to break free.

Question 12

What happens to the number of carbon atoms when the chain length increases?

Answer 12

The number of carbon atoms increases

Question 13

What happens to the combustion when the chain length increases?

Answer 13

The combustion decreases because the hydrocarbon must become a gas before it reacts and ignites.

Question 14

What is meant by the term viscous?

Answer 14

Viscous is how easily something flows. When the viscous increases it means that the liquid does not flow as easily and becomes thicker.

Question 15

What are alkenes?

Answer 15

Alkenes is an unsaturated hydrocarbon and is a homologous series.

Question 16

What type of bond do Alkenes have?

Answer 16

Alkenes have a double bond.

Question 17

What is the molecular formula of propene?

Answer 17

C3H6

Question 18

What is the molecular formula of butene?

Answer 18

C4H8

Question 19

What is the molecular for propane?

Answer 19

C3H8

Question 20

How is crude oil formed?

Answer 20

Formed from high temperatures and pressures from the remains of animals and plants.

Question 21

What is crude oil?

Answer 21

A finite source.

Question 22

What are the main hydrocarbons?

Answer 22

Benzenes Alkanes Alkenes

Question 23

What does fractional distillation do?

Answer 23

Separate hydrocarbons into fractions of similar boiling points

Question 24

Fractions

Answer 24

Hydrocarbons of similar chain length

Question 25

What are examples of hydrocarbon that would be collected at top of the fractionating column?

Answer 25

Ethane,propane, butane

Question 26

What are examples of hydrocarbon that would be collected at the bottom?

Answer 26

Bitumen

Question 27

What is the trend in boiling point as you go from top to bottom of the column?

Answer 27

When you go to the bottom of the boiling point the temperature has increased.

Question 28

What is the formula for hydrocarbon + oxygen

Answer 28

Hydrocarbon + oxygen = carbon dioxide + water

Question 29

How do you go from a liquid to a gas?

Answer 29

High pressure

Question 30

What is a fuel

Answer 30

Fuel is a substance that reacts with oxygen to release useful energy

Question 31

What does a hydrocarbon need to burn completely

Answer 31

Plenty of air

Question 32

What does the blue flame show on the open end of the bunsen burner?

Answer 32

The blue flame shows that the reaction is complete.

Question 33

Why is carbon monoxide described as a silent killer?

Answer 33

Carbon monoxide is colourless and odourless so you cannot tell if you are breathing it in.

Question 34

What effect does carbon monoxide have on your body

Answer 34

Carbon monoxide will bind to the haemoglobin in the blood instead of the oxygen. Therefore Carbon monoxide will stop red blood cells from transporting oxygen to the cells.

Question 35

What is the test for water in the complete combustion?

Answer 35

Copper sulfate anhydrous white will turn blue.

Question 36

What is another test for water in the complete combustion?

Answer 36

Cobalt chloride will turn from blue to purple

Question 37

What is the test for carbon dioxide?

Answer 37

Limewater will turn milky.

Question 38

What is the molecular formula for ethane?

Answer 38

C2H6

Question 39

What is the point of the water surrounding the u tube?

Answer 39

It cools and condenses any water vapour that might enter the u-tube.

Question 40

How is crude oil formed? (2 marks)

Answer 40

Crude oil is found from dead animals and sea creatures millions of years ago. Crude oil is found in rocks.

Question 41

Crude oil is a _______ made up of long-chain and short-chain hydrocarbons.

Answer 41

mixture

Question 42

What is the name given to molecules found in crude oil?

Answer 42

Alkanes

Question 43

What is the general formula for compounds found in crude oil?

Answer 43

CnH(2n+2)

Question 44

What is the purpose of fractional distillation?

Answer 44

To separate the different length hydrocarbons

Question 45

How does fractional distillation use heat to perform its purpose?

Answer 45

Heat vapourises the crude oil, short-chain hydrocarbons have a lower boiling point/long-chain hydrocarbons have a higher boiling point. Small hydrocarbons condense at lower temperatures/longer ones at high temperatures.

Question 46

How do we test for alkenes and what do we see?

Answer 46

Tested with bromine water it will turn bromine water colourless.

Question 47

What are alkanes are used for?

Answer 47

They are used to produce polymers.

Question 48

What kind of reaction occurs when alkenes react with bromine and what is formed?

Answer 48

addition reaction to form dibromoalkanes

Question 49

What happens to the bonds in the c=c double during an addition reaction.

Answer 49

C=C double bonds break, leaving a C-C single bond and then each of these carbons forms an additional single covalent bond with a bromine atom.

Question 50

Describe the test to determine whether there is an alkene or alkane.

Answer 50

Alkanes will not react with the bromine. Therefore there will be no colour change when there is an alkane and bromine is present. When bromine is present alkenes will react with bromine water and a colour change from orange-brown to colourless will be formed.

Question 51

What is a polymer?

Answer 51

a substance which has a molecular substance built up from a large number of chief units bonded together.

Question 52

Explain why fractional distillation is used to produce petrol and other fractions from crude oil.

Answer 52

Simpler more useful mixtures than crude oil.

Question 53

State the formula of the unit that the molecular formulae of neighbouring hydrocarbons in the alkane homologous series differ by.

Answer 53

CH2

Question 54

Nitrogen oxides are pollutants. Describe how nitrogen oxides are formed in the engines of cars.

Answer 54

When hydrocarbons are exposed to high temperatures and pressures.Nitrogen + oxygen

Question 55

Give one example of a type of pollution that nitrogen oxides can cause.

Answer 55

Smog

Question 56

Explain how cars produce nitrogen oxides

Answer 56

Nitrogen and oxygen from the air react together at the high temperatures produced by combustion in the engines.

Question 57

Fuel combustion can produce soot. What impact can soot have on human health?

Answer 57

Soot can cause respiratory problems

Question 58

Explain why a petrochemical company may need to crack hydrocarbons?

Answer 58

The amount of some fractions produced does not always meet the demand for those products. More of the product can be produced by the fuel cell as a waste product.