Chemistry Level 7 - Lecture 12 Flashcards
what are monosaccharides and give examples of them?
1 sugar unit - glucose, fructose and galactose
what are disaccharides and give examples of them?
2 sugar units - maltose, sucrose and lactose
what are polysaccharides and give examples of them?
thousands of monosaccharides units - starch and glycogen
where is glycogen stored?
in liver and muscle of animals
where is starch stored?
in plants eg. potato tubes
what are the different versions of starch?
amylose and amylopectin
whats the difference between amylose and amylopectin?
- amylose has no branches
- amylopectin has occasional branches
what elements are in proteins?
C, H, O and sometimes P and S
what are the functions of proteins in the body?
- enzymes
- hormones
- receptors
- antibodies
what are fibrous proteins and give an example?
- insoluble proteins
- long parallel chains
- keratin
what are globular proteins and give an example?
- relatively soluble proteins
- spherical shape
- enzymes
what are conjugated proteins and give an example?
- contain a non-protein component
- haemoglobin (contains an iron compound)
what are fatty acids?
- long chain alkaloid acids
- can react with glycerol (alkanol) to form triglycerides (fats and oils)
what is glycerol?
an alcohol with 3 -OH groups
why are oils liquid at room temperature?
- hydrocarbon chains are unsaturated (contain 1 or more C-C double bonds)
- do not pack closely together
- forms kinks in the chain so prevents close packing
- leads to less intermolecular forces
- lower mp so are liquid at room temperature
why are fats solid at room temperature?
- hydrocarbon chains are saturated
- pack closely together
- allows lots of intermolecular forces
- higher mp so are solid at room temperature
