Chemistry (Matter, Particles, and Properties)

Question 1

What is Matter?

Answer 1

Anything that has weight and takes up space.

Question 2

Matter is made up of _____

Answer 2

Particles

Question 3

____ has a definite size, but no definite shape

Answer 3

Liquid

Question 4

____ has a definite size and a definite shape

Answer 4

Solid

Question 5

____ has no definite size and no definite shape

Answer 5

Gas

Question 6

What is an example of a solid turning to a liquid?

Answer 6

Ice cube melting or a candle burning

Question 7

What is an example of a liquid turning into a gas?

Answer 7

Boiling water on the stove

Question 8

What is an example of a gas turning into a liquid?

Answer 8

Water vapour turns to frost in the morning

Question 9

A chemical change occurs when the ____ that make up two or more substances are rearranged to form a new substance.

Answer 9

Particles

Question 10

What are the results (4) of a chemical change?

Answer 10

heat, light, smell, release gas

Question 11

A physical change will ONLY change the _____.

Answer 11

Appearance

Question 12

What does it mean when a substance is homogenous?

Answer 12

Pure substance (all the particles are the same)

Question 13

Can you separate a heterogeneous mixture?

Answer 13

Yes, think of a fruit salad or shells in the sand.

Question 14

What do you call when components are evenly distributed and cannot be easily distinguished?

Answer 14

Homogenous

Question 15

What do you call when components are not evenly distributed and can be easily distinguished by the naked eye?

Answer 15

Heterogenous

Question 16

The periodic table displays numbers above each element. Those numbers represent the ____.

Answer 16

Protons

Question 17

What is a compound?

Answer 17

The chemical combination of two or more elements.

Question 18

What do you call a particle of a compound?

Answer 18

Molecule

Question 19

What did Dalton’s theory explain?

Answer 19

All matter is composed of atoms, that all have different sizes and masses.

Question 20

What did Thomson’s theory explain?

Answer 20

Atoms have negative and positive charges, all equalling to a neutral charge.

Question 21

What did Rutherford’s theory explain?

Answer 21

The electrons orbit around the nucleus

Question 22

What did Bohr’s theory explain?

Answer 22

Energy is transferred from one atom to another. Electrons are in particular orbits.

Question 23

What elements are in group 1 of the periodic table?

Answer 23

Alkali metals

Question 24

What elements are in group 2 of the periodic table?

Answer 24

Alkaline-earth metals

Question 25

What elements are in groups 3-12 of the periodic table?

Answer 25

Transition metals

Question 26

What elements are in group 17 of the periodic table?

Answer 26

Halogens

Question 27

What elements are in group 18 of the periodic table?

Answer 27

Noble gases

Question 28

According to Bohr's diagram, each shell has a _____.

Answer 28

Defined level of energy

Question 29

The nucleus contains what?

Answer 29

Protons (+) and neutrons (n)

Question 30

What is in orbit around the nucleus?

Answer 30

Electrons (-)

Question 31

If the atomic number of SODIUM is 11, and its atomic mass is 23, what is the atomic breakdown?

Answer 31

``` Protons = 11 Electrons = 11 Neutrons = mass - protons = 23 - 11 = 12 ```

Question 32

If the atomic number of ALUMINUM is 13, and its atomic mass is 27, what is the atomic breakdown?

Answer 32

``` Protons = 13 Electrons = 13 Neutrons = mass - protons = 27 - 13 = 14 ```

Question 33

If the atomic number of HELIUM is 2, and its atomic mass is 4, what is the atomic breakdown?

Answer 33

``` Protons = 2 Electrons = 2 Neutrons = mass - protons = 4 - 2 = 2 ```

Question 34

If an element is in the 5th period, how many orbits will there be?

Answer 34

5

Question 35

How many electrons on the first orbit?

Answer 35

2

Question 36

How many maximum electrons can go on the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, and 7th orbit?

Answer 36

8

Question 37

Can you put electrons on the 3rd orbit with only 4 electrons on the 2nd?

Answer 37

No.

Question 38

Why can't you add electrons to the next orbit if the previous one isn't full?

Answer 38

Every orbit needs to have its maximum number of electrons (8) before moving onto the next orbit.

Question 39

Can an element have its last orbit "incomplete" (i.e., there are less than 8 electrons)?

Answer 39

Yes.

Question 40

Why are noble gases so special?

Answer 40

Their last orbit has its maximum electrons, therefore it's complete.

Question 41

What is the difference between ionic and molecular compounds?

Answer 41

Ionic compound: metal + non-metal | Molecular compound: non-metal + non-metal