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MYA VON EICKEN ACCARDO > Chemistry (Matter, Particles, and Properties) > Flashcards

Chemistry (Matter, Particles, and Properties) Flashcards

1
Q

What is Matter?

A

Anything that has weight and takes up space.

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2
Q

Matter is made up of _____

A

Particles

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3
Q

____ has a definite size, but no definite shape

A

Liquid

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4
Q

____ has a definite size and a definite shape

A

Solid

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5
Q

____ has no definite size and no definite shape

A

Gas

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6
Q

What is an example of a solid turning to a liquid?

A

Ice cube melting or a candle burning

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7
Q

What is an example of a liquid turning into a gas?

A

Boiling water on the stove

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8
Q

What is an example of a gas turning into a liquid?

A

Water vapour turns to frost in the morning

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9
Q

A chemical change occurs when the ____ that make up two or more substances are rearranged to form a new substance.

A

Particles

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10
Q

What are the results (4) of a chemical change?

A

heat, light, smell, release gas

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11
Q

A physical change will ONLY change the _____.

A

Appearance

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12
Q

What does it mean when a substance is homogenous?

A

Pure substance (all the particles are the same)

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13
Q

Can you separate a heterogeneous mixture?

A

Yes, think of a fruit salad or shells in the sand.

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14
Q

What do you call when components are evenly distributed and cannot be easily distinguished?

A

Homogenous

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15
Q

What do you call when components are not evenly distributed and can be easily distinguished by the naked eye?

A

Heterogenous

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16
Q

The periodic table displays numbers above each element. Those numbers represent the ____.

A

Protons

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17
Q

What is a compound?

A

The chemical combination of two or more elements.

18
Q

What do you call a particle of a compound?

A

Molecule

19
Q

What did Dalton’s theory explain?

A

All matter is composed of atoms, that all have different sizes and masses.

20
Q

What did Thomson’s theory explain?

A

Atoms have negative and positive charges, all equalling to a neutral charge.

21
Q

What did Rutherford’s theory explain?

A

The electrons orbit around the nucleus

22
Q

What did Bohr’s theory explain?

A

Energy is transferred from one atom to another. Electrons are in particular orbits.

23
Q

What elements are in group 1 of the periodic table?

A

Alkali metals

24
Q

What elements are in group 2 of the periodic table?

A

Alkaline-earth metals

25
Q

What elements are in groups 3-12 of the periodic table?

A

Transition metals

26
Q

What elements are in group 17 of the periodic table?

A

Halogens

27
Q

What elements are in group 18 of the periodic table?

A

Noble gases

28
Q

According to Bohr’s diagram, each shell has a _____.

A

Defined level of energy

29
Q

The nucleus contains what?

A

Protons (+) and neutrons (n)

30
Q

What is in orbit around the nucleus?

A

Electrons (-)

31
Q

If the atomic number of SODIUM is 11, and its atomic mass is 23, what is the atomic breakdown?

A 
Protons = 11
Electrons = 11 
Neutrons = mass - protons = 23 - 11 = 12
32
Q

If the atomic number of ALUMINUM is 13, and its atomic mass is 27, what is the atomic breakdown?

A 
Protons = 13 
Electrons = 13 
Neutrons = mass - protons = 27 - 13 = 14
33
Q

If the atomic number of HELIUM is 2, and its atomic mass is 4, what is the atomic breakdown?

A 
Protons = 2 
Electrons = 2 
Neutrons = mass - protons = 4 - 2 = 2
34
Q

If an element is in the 5th period, how many orbits will there be?

A

5

35
Q

How many electrons on the first orbit?

A

2

36
Q

How many maximum electrons can go on the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, and 7th orbit?

A

8

37
Q

Can you put electrons on the 3rd orbit with only 4 electrons on the 2nd?

A

No.

38
Q

Why can’t you add electrons to the next orbit if the previous one isn’t full?

A

Every orbit needs to have its maximum number of electrons (8) before moving onto the next orbit.

39
Q

Can an element have its last orbit “incomplete” (i.e., there are less than 8 electrons)?

A

Yes.

40
Q

Why are noble gases so special?

A

Their last orbit has its maximum electrons, therefore it’s complete.

41
Q

What is the difference between ionic and molecular compounds?

A

Ionic compound: metal + non-metal

Molecular compound: non-metal + non-metal

MYA VON EICKEN ACCARDO (5 decks)

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