Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Midterms > Chemistry Midterm > Flashcards

Chemistry Midterm Flashcards

(87 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Chemistry

A

the study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter, the processes that matter undergoes, and the energy changes that accompany these processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Chemical

A

any substance that has a definite composition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Mass

A

measure of the amount of matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Matter

A

anything that has mass and takes up space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Atom

A

the smallest unit of an element that maintains the chemical identity of that element

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Element

A

a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler, stable substances and is made of one type of atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Compound

A

a substance that can be broken down into simple stable substances; each is made from the atoms of two or more elements that are chemically bonded

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Extensive Properties

A

depend on the amount of matter that is present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Intensive Properties

A

do not depend on the amount of matter that is present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Physical Property

A

a characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Physical Change

A

a change in a substance that does not involve a change in the identity of the substance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Change of State

A

a physical change of a substance from one state to another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Solid

A

definite volume and definite shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Liquid

A

definite volume but indefinite shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Gas

A

neither definite volume nor definite shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Plasma

A

a high-temperature physical state of matter in which atoms lose most of their electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Chemical Property

A

relates to a substances ability to undergo changes that transform it into different substances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Chemical Change or Chemical Reaction

A

a change in which one or more substances are converted into different substances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Reactants

A

the substances that react in a chemical change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Products

A

the substances that are formed by the chemical change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Mixture

A

a blend of two or more kinds of matter, each of which retains its own identity and properties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Homogeneous Mixtures

A

mixtures that are uniform in composition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Solutions

A

homogeneous mixtures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Heterogeneous Mixtures

A

mixtures that are not uniform in composition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Pure Substance
has a fixed composition
26
Groups or Families
the vertical columns of the periodic table
27
Periods
the horizontal rows of elements in the periodic table
28
Metal
an element that is a good electrical conductor and a good heat conductor
29
Nonmetal
an element that is a poor conductor of heat and electricity
30
Metalloid
an element that has some characteristics of metals and some characteristics of nonmetals
31
Scientific Method
a logical approach to solving problems by observing and collecting data, formulating hypotheses, testing hypotheses, and formulating theories that are supported by data
32
System
a specific portion of matter in a given region of space that has been selected for study during an experiment or observation
33
Hypothesis
testable statement formulated by generalizations about data
34
Model
an explanation of how phenomena occur and how data or events are related
35
Theory
a broad generalization that explains a body of facts or phenomena
36
Quantity
something that has magnitude, size, or amount
37
SI
the single measurement system that scientists all over the world use; defined in terms of standards of measurement
38
Weight
a measure of the gravitational pull on matter
39
Derived Units
formed by combinations of SI units
40
Volume
the amount of space occupied by an object
41
Density
the ratio of mass to volume, or mass divided by volume
42
Conversion Factor
a ratio derived from the quality between two different unites that can be used to convert from one unit to the other
43
Dimensional Analysis
is a mathematical technique that allows you to use units to solve problems involving measurements
44
Accuracy
refers to the closeness of measurements to the correct or accepted value of the quantity measured
45
Precision
refers to the closeness of a set of measurements of the same quantity made it in the same way
46
Percentage Error
calculated by subtracting the accepted value from the experimental value, dividing the difference by the accepted value, and then multiplying by 100
47
Significant Figures
all the digits known with certainty plus one final digit, which is somewhat uncertain or estimated
48
Scientific Notation
numbers are written in the form M x 10^n, where the factor M is a number greater than or equal to 1 but less than 10, and n is a whole number
49
Directly Proportional
two quantities are directly proportional to each other if dividing one by the other gives a constant value
50
Inversely Proportional
two quantities are inversely proportional to to each other if their product is a constant
51
Law of Conservation of Mass
states that mass is neither created nor destroyed during normal chemical reactions or physical changes
52
Law of Definite Proportions
a chemical compound contains the same elements in exactly the same proportions by mass regardless of the size of the sample or source of the compound
53
Law of Multiple Proportions
if two or more different compounds are composed of the same two elements, then the ratio of the masses of the second element combined with a certain mass of the first element is always a ratio of small whole numbers
54
Nuclear Forces
short-range proton-neutron, proton-proton, and neutron-neutron forces that hold the nuclear particles together
55
Atomic Number (Z)
the number of protons of each atom of that element
56
Isotopes
atoms of the same element that have different masses
57
Mass Number
the total number of protons and neutrons that make up the nucleus of an isotope
58
Nuclide
a general term for a specific isotope of an element
59
One Unified Atomic Mass Unit (1u or 1amu)
exactly 1/12 the mass of a carbon-12 atom
60
Average Atomic Mass
the weighted average of the atomic masses of the naturally occurring isotopes of an element
61
Avogadro's Number
6.02x10^23; is the number of particles in exactly one mole of a pure substance
62
Molar Mass
the mass of one mole of a pure substance; usually measured in units of g/mol
63
Electromagnetic Radiation
a form of energy that exhibits wavelike behavior as it travels through space
64
Electromagnetic Spectrum
formed by all the forms of electromagnetic radiation together
65
Wavelength
the distance between corresponding points on adjacent waves
66
Frequency
the number of waves that pass a given point in a specific time, usually one second
67
Photoelectric Effect
refers to the emission of electrons from a metal when light shines on the metal
68
Quantum
the minimum quantity of energy that can be lost or gained by an atom
69
Photon
a particle of electromagnetic radiation have zero mass and carrying a quantum of energy
70
Ground State
the lowest energy state of an atom
71
Excited State
a state in which an atom has a higher potential energy than it has in its ground state
72
Emission Line Spectrum
a diagram or graph that indicates the degree to which a substance emits radiant energy with respect to wavelength
73
Continuous Spectrum
the emission of a continuous range of frequencies of electromagnetic radiation
74
Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
states that it is impossible to determine simultaneously both the position and velocity of an electron or any other particle
75
Quantum Theory
describes mathematically the wave properties of electrons and other very small particles
76
Orbital
a three-dimensional region around the nucleus that indicates the probable location of an electron
77
Quantum Numbers
specify the properties of atomic orbitals and the properties of electrons in orbitals
78
Principle Quantum Number
symbolized by "n"; indicates the main energy level occupied by the electron
79
Angular Momentum Quantum Number
symbolized by "l"; indicates the shape of the orbital
80
Magnetic Quantum Number
symbolized by "m"; indicates the orientation of an orbital around the nucleus
81
Spin Quantum Number
has only two possible values (+1/2, -1/2), which indicate the two fundamental spin states of an electron in an orbital
82
Electron Configuration
the arrangement of electrons in an atom
83
Aufbau Principle
states that an electron occupies the lowest-energy orbital that can receive it
84
Pauli Exclusion Principle
states that no two electrons in the same atom can have the same four quantum numbers
85
Hund's Rule
states that orbitals of equal energy are each occupied by one electron before any orbital is occupied by a second electron, and all electrons in singly occupied orbitals must have the same spin state
86
Noble Gases
the group 18 elements
87
Noble Gas Configuration
refers to an outer main energy level occupied, in most cases, by eight electrons

Midterms (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions