Chemistry - MT2 - Part 2 Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Chemistry - MT2 - Part 2 Deck (32)
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1
Q

What did Franciscus Sylvius do?

A

He put iatrochemistry on an entirely natural footing

2
Q

What did Sylvius propose? (2)

A
  1. There is no archeus

2. There is no mystical alchemical being

3
Q

What did Sylvius think about biochemical transformations?

A

That biochemical transformations inside the body was the same for biochemical transformations outside the body

4
Q

What was Sylvius especially interested in? (2)

A
  1. Acids

2. Alkalis

5
Q

What did Sylvius think about digestion?

A

That it needs both pancreatic secretions and bile

6
Q

What did Sylvius think illness resulted from?

A

Imbalance of acids and alkalis

7
Q

What did Sylvius invent?

A

Medicine for the kidneys

8
Q

What did tonic water do?

A

Allowed the British to add it to their drinks

  • prevented malaria
  • helped the kidneys
  • the lime prevented scurvy
9
Q

What question did Rene Antoine Ferchault Reaumur want an answer to?

A

Is digestion a physical process or a chemical process?

10
Q

Is digestion a physical process or a chemical one?

A

Physical

11
Q

How did Reaumur demonstrate that digestion is a physical processes?

A

He put some meat inside a hollow metal cylinder stopped at both ends with wire gauze, in which the meat could not be ground by the stomach and introduced it into the stomach of a hawk. When he retrieved the cylinder, the meat was partially digested

12
Q

What is phlogiston?

A

It was the principle of combustion

13
Q

What was phlogision not another name for?

A

CO2

  • it was not another name for anything
  • phlogiston does not exist and it never did
14
Q

Phlogiston theory of combustion

A

Is a superseded scientific theory that postulated that a fire like element called phlogiston is contained within combustible bodies and released during combustion

  • substance to burn – wood + phlogistion
  • air for combustion without any phlogiston
  • its a chemical reaction
15
Q

Oxidation theory of combustion

A

Is the theory that attempts to explain the process such as combustion and rusting

  • wood full of assortment is stuff and the air has stuff
  • when wood burns it fills stuff in the air
  • requires from both wood and air in order to proceed
16
Q

Who was the originator of the phlogiston concept?

A

Johann Becher

17
Q

What did Becher believe?

A

The wood consists of ash and terra pinguis

- when wood burns, terra pinguis is released

18
Q

Who modified the concept of terra pinguis?

A

George Ernst Stahl

19
Q

What did Stahl rename terra pinguis?

A

Phlogiston

20
Q

What did Stahl believe? (4)

A
  1. Believed that flame is heated air caused by the rush of phlogiston out of a rapidly burning material
  2. That rusting is the same process as combustion, only slower, thus producing no flame
  3. That air can hold phlogiston, but had a finite capacity to do so
  4. Different materials have different kinds of phlogiston
21
Q

What did Stahl say about wood phlogiston?

A

It has positive weight

- when wood burned what was left after the combustion weighed less then wood

22
Q

What did Stahl say about metal phlogiston?

A

It had negative weight

- during rusting the metal gained weight

23
Q

Who discovered fixed air?

A

Joseph Black

24
Q

What is fixed air?

A

CO2

25
Q

What did Black note?

A

That burning, fermentation and the activities of animals produced something which was deadly to animals and which would extinguish a flame

26
Q

What did Joseph Priestley produce?

A

A new substance from mercuric oxide

  • dephlogisticated air
  • -> O2
27
Q

How is dephlogisticated different from fixed air?

A

Because it could support a candle longer than normal air

28
Q

What did Priestley believe about animals?

A

That they loaded the air with phlogiston, by respiration, just as combustion does

29
Q

What experiment did Priestley do to prove his theory about animals and air?

A

Put a mouse in a jar and see how long it took for the mouse to suffocate

30
Q

What did Priestley’s model of physiology propose?

A

That venous blood is loaded with phlogiston absorbed from the tissues, and that phlogiston is then released to the atmosphere in the lungs

31
Q

What has no phlogiston?

A

Arteries

32
Q

What restores dephlogisticated air?

A

Plants

- they therefore must take up phlogiston