Chemistry of Life

Question 1

What is an inorganic compound?

Answer 1

They do not contain carbon to carbon bonds

Question 2

What is an organic compound?

Answer 2

Contain carbon to carbon bonds. They all have Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen.

Question 3

What do carbohydrates contain and what is the ratio?

Answer 3

They contain Carbon, Hydrogen and oxygen. The ratio between hydrogen atoms and oxygen atoms is 2:1

Question 4

What are the three types of Carbohydrates?

Answer 4

Monosaccharide, Disaccharide, Polysaccharide

Question 5

Monosaccharide?

Answer 5

One sugar unit. Soluble in water. Has crystals. Sweet. Glucose and fructose and galactose.

Question 6

Disaccharide?

Answer 6

2 sugar units, soluble in water. Has crystals. Sweet. Sucrose and maltose and lactose

Question 7

Polysaccharide?

Answer 7

Many sugar units, INsoluble in water. Not crystals. Not sweet. Starch, cellulose, glycogen

Question 8

Why are carbohydrates important?

Answer 8

Cellular respiration(energy source from glucose).
Reserve fuel source
structural components.

Question 9

What is a lipid?

Answer 9

Molecules that contain carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen

Question 10

What is the ratio of Hydrogens to Oxygens in a Lipid

Answer 10

More than 2:1

Question 11

What does each lipid contain?

Answer 11

One glycerol to 3 fatty acids(FA is fatty acid)

Question 12

What are the types of Fatty Acids?

Answer 12

Saturated, Unsaturated and Polyunsaturated

Question 13

Saturated?

Answer 13

Lots of Hydrogen atoms. Common in animals. Solid at room temp. Called fats

Question 14

Unsaturated?

Answer 14

One less Hydrogen in each molecule. Common in plants. Liquid at room temp. Called oils

Question 15

Polyunsaturated?

Answer 15

Several Hydrogen atoms less in each molecule. Common in plants. Liquid at room temp. Called oils.

Question 16

What is the function of lipids?

Answer 16

Provide double the amount of energy as carbs. Store energy. Protection of organs like heart and kidneys. Insulators against cold. Some vitamins only dissolve in fat.

Question 17

Draw a lipid.

Answer 17

look in book.

Question 18

What is cholesterol?

Answer 18

A waxy lipid found naturally in the human body, forms part of cell membrane. Synthesized from liver.

Question 19

If cholesterol is too high, what happens?

Answer 19

Can cause damage to blood vessels if deposited in the inner walls. If the blood vessels become blocked, this build up can lead to heart problems and high blood pressure. This is called coronary heart disease and is the cause of heart attacks.

Question 20

What does animal fat contain?

Answer 20

Saturated fats and cholesterol.

Question 21

What is plaque?

Answer 21

Fatty material on the inside of our arteries

Question 22

What is atherosclerosis?

Answer 22

This is when the fatty layer narrows the arteries.

Question 23

What is a Protein?

Answer 23

Organic molecules made up ALWAYS of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen. and SOMETIMES Sulfur, Phosphorus, Iron.

Question 24

What are the monomers of proteins?

Answer 24

Amino acids

Question 25

What are the three structures of protein?

Answer 25

Coiled, folded, straight.

Question 26

What bonds amino acids?

Answer 26

Peptide Bonds

Question 27

What is a polypeptide?

Answer 27

LESS than 50 amino acids joined together

Question 28

What is a protein( how many amino acids?)

Answer 28

More than 50 amino acids joined together.

Question 29

Draw an amino acid, Peptide chain and a polypeptide(protein)

Answer 29

look in book

Question 30

What causes proteins to denature?

Answer 30

Changes in pH or temperature. Usually it is an increase in temp.

Question 31

What happens when a protein denatures?

Answer 31

Change shape, bonds break and they come undone. Loose structure and function.

Question 32

Why are proteins important?

Answer 32

Immunity( antibodies are proteins). Form hormones. Growth and repair tissue.

Question 33

What is an enzyme?

Answer 33

Are protein molecules that control metabolic reactions. Called organic catalyst.

Question 34

What is a active site?

Answer 34

Site on the surface of an enzyme that acts on the substrate.

Question 35

What is a substrate?

Answer 35

What is being broken down or what is used to form.

Question 36

draw a active site

Answer 36

look in book

Question 37

What is a lock and key model?

Answer 37

Is a theory of how specific enzymes act on specific substrate.

Question 38

draw lock and key model

Answer 38

look in book.

Question 39

What is the function of enzymes?

Answer 39

To build up reactions or break down reactions.

Question 40

What is an anabolic reaction?

Answer 40

building up reactions

Question 41

What is a catabolic reaction?

Answer 41

Breaking down reactions

Question 42

What is a nucleic acid

Answer 42

An organic compound containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus

Question 43

Where are nucleic acids found

Answer 43

Inside the cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria and in chloroplast.

Question 44

There are two kinds of nucleic acids, name them

Answer 44

Deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA) and Ribonucleic acid (RNA)

Question 45

Function of Nucleic acids?

Answer 45

Protein synthesis for building and repairing cells

Question 46

What is DNA?

Answer 46

Very large molecule. Sugar is deoxyribose. DNA is found in the nucleus.

Question 47

What is RNA?

Answer 47

Smaller molecule. Sugar is ribose. RNA makes copies of the information of a gene in DNA and takes it from the nucleus to the cytoplasm where the proteins are mad.

Question 48

What is a vitamin?

Answer 48

Organic compounds needed in small amounts(microelement)

Question 49

Can the body make vitamins?

Answer 49

No

Question 50

If you don' get enough vitamins what could you suffer from?

Answer 50

Deficiency disease

Question 51

Vitamin A?

Answer 51

Fat-soluble. Ensures eyesight and healthy skin. In liver, fish, carrot. Nightblindness

Question 52

Vitamin B?

Answer 52

Water-soluble. Proper functioning of nerves and muscle tone. Lean meat, eggs, brown rice. BeriBeri

Question 53

Vitamin C?

Answer 53

Water-soluble. Antioxidant, healthy teeth and gums. Citrus, pineapple, green veg. Scurvy

Question 54

Vitamin D?

Answer 54

Fat-soluble. Strengthens bones and teeth. Sun,fish,cheese. Rickets. Osteoporosis.

Question 55

Vitamin E?

Answer 55

Fat-soluble. Protects cells from harmful effects of free radicals that cause heart disease and cancer. Vegetable oils, nuts, leafy greens. Anemia, infertility