Chemistry of life

Question 1

Hydrogen bonds

Answer 1

allow water to have special properties

Question 2

Cohesion

Answer 2

Water molecules stick to each other

Question 3

Adhesion

Answer 3

Water molecules stuck to other surfaces

Question 4

Monomers form polymers via what?

Answer 4

dehydration tension

Question 5

What happened in hydrolysis

Answer 5

Polymers are broken down into monomers

Question 5

Nucleic acids

Answer 5

Are what make up DNA and RNA and hold a lot of genetic information.

Question 6

What nucleic acids is made up of?

Answer 6

They are made up of nucleotides which are composed of decoy/ribose, a phosphate and nitrogen base

Question 7

Amino acids

Answer 7

make up a protein, and the specific order of the polypeptide determines the protein’s structure and function.

Question 8

carbohydrates.
Lipids

Answer 8

are nopolar and can vary in saturation (which affects the structure and function). They are most commonly seen as the cell membrane.

Question 9

Phosphate

Answer 9

-PO4
-P bound to 4 O
- connects to C through an O
- lots of O= lots of negative charge
- highly reactive
- transfers energy between organic molecules
-ATP, GTP

Question 10

Covalent bonds

Answer 10

Is the sharing of a pair of valence electrons by two atoms.

Question 11

Hydrophilic

Answer 11

Any substance that has an affinity for water

Question 12

Hydrophobic

Answer 12

Any Substance that are nonpolar

Question 13

What is organic chemistry?

Answer 13

Is the study of carbon compounds

Question 14

Hydroxyl

Answer 14

—OH
-organic compounds with OH=alcohols
- name typically end in -ol
Ex: Ethanol

Question 15

Carbonyl

Answer 15

C=O
-O double bonded to C
-if C=O at end molecule= aldehyde
-if C=O in middle of molecule = ketone

Question 16

Carboxyl

Answer 16

-COOH
_ C double bonded to O and single bonded to OH group
- compounds with COOH= acids
- Fatty acids
- amino acids

Question 17

Amino

Answer 17

-NH2
-N attached to 2 H
-compounds with NH2= amines
- amino acids
- NH2 acts as base
-

Question 18

Sulfhydryl

Answer 18

-SH
-S bonded H
-Compounds with SH=thiols
-SH groups stabilize the structure of proteins

Question 19

Macromolecules

Answer 19

Smaller organic molecules join together to form larger molecules
-4 major classes of macromolecules:
-carbohydrate
-lipids
- proteins
- nucleic acids

Question 20

How to build a polymer?

Answer 20

-Synthesis
- requires; energy and enzymes

Question 21

How to break down a polymer ?

Answer 21

-digestion
- reverse dehydration synthesis
Require enzyme and release energy