Chemistry of Life

Question 0

the attraction between molecules of different substances

Answer 0

adhesion

Question 1

the attraction between molecules of the same substance

Answer 1

cohesion

Question 2

a force caused by the cohesion of water molecules, making it possible for lightweight objects or certain organisms to sit on or walk on water

Answer 2

surface tension

Question 3

a property of molecule of having uneven distribution of electrons causing it to have + and - poles

Answer 3

polarity

Question 4

a property of water that allows it to move up a narrow tube against gravity

Answer 4

capillary action

Question 5

an evenly distributed liquid mixture; salt dissolved in water makes a salt-water solution

Answer 5

solution

Question 6

what is dissolved in a solution; salt in a salt-water solution

Answer 6

solute

Question 7

liquid that dissolves the solute in a solution; water in a salt-water solution

Answer 7

solvent

Question 8

a mixture where substances are not dissolved in the solvent; blood cells and nutrients in blood

Answer 8

suspension

Question 9

a 0 to 14 scale that shows the concentration of H+ (hydrogen ion) present in a solution

Answer 9

pH

Question 10

a compound that forms hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution

Answer 10

acid

Question 11

a solution with a pH below 7; has a higher concentration of hydrogen ions than hydroxide ions

Answer 11

acidic solution

Question 12

a compound that produces hydroxide ions (OH-) in a solution

Answer 12

base

Question 13

a solution that has a pH above 7; has a higher concentration of hydroxide ions (OH-); sometimes referred to alkaline

Answer 13

basic solution

Question 14

a weak acid or base that react with strong acids and bases to prevent sudden changes in pH

Answer 14

buffer

Question 15

atom of an element that has a number of neutrons different from that of other atoms of the same element

Answer 15

isotope

Question 16

a molecule that acts as a building block for larger molecule or polymer

Answer 16

monomer

Question 17

a macromolecule that is formed by joining two or more monomers together

Answer 17

polymer

Question 18

an organic molecule whose main function is as an energy source

Answer 18

carbohydrate

Question 19

simple sugar; monomer of carbohydrates; glucose is an example

Answer 19

monosaccharide

Question 20

double sugar; sucrose (table sugar) is an example

Answer 20

disaccharide

Question 21

complex carbohydrate; made from bonding monosaccharides together; glycogen, starch, and cellulose are example

Answer 21

polysaccharide

Question 22

organic molecules consisting of fats, oils, waxes, and sterols whose main functions are energy storage and components of cells membranes

Answer 22

lipids

Question 23

a lipid with a phosphate head and fatty acid tails; major component of cell membranes

Answer 23

phospholipid

Question 24

an organic molecule whose main function is to store and transmit genetic information; DNA and RNA are example

Answer 24

nucleic acid

Question 25

monomer/building block of nucleic acid

Answer 25

nucleotide

Question 26

an organic molecule whose main functions are building body structures, speeding up chemical reactions, and fighting diseases

Answer 26

protein

Question 27

monomer of proteins

Answer 27

amino acids

Question 28

a process where reactants are transformed into products through the breaking or forming of chemical bonds

Answer 28

chemical reaction

Question 29

chemicals that go into a chemical reaction

Answer 29

reactant

Question 30

the chemicals that result from a chemical reaction

Answer 30

product

Question 31

a weak chemical bond that occurs between compounds such as water molecules

Answer 31

hydrogen bond

Question 32

a chemical reaction where two molecules are joined and a molecule of water is given off; also known as dehydration synthesis

Answer 32

condensation reaction

Question 33

when two monomers are joined to produce a polymer

Answer 33

polymerization

Question 34

the splitting apart of a larger molecule into smaller prices by adding water

Answer 34

hydrolysis

Question 35

energy required to start a reaction

Answer 35

activation energy

Question 36

a protein that lowers activation energy by acting as a catalyst; the names of these generally end in -ase

Answer 36

enzyme

Question 37

reactant(s) in an enzyme chemical reaction

Answer 37

substrate

Question 38

location on the enzyme where the reaction takes place

Answer 38

active site

Question 39

chemicals that speed up chemical reactions

Answer 39

catalyst