Chemistry Of Life

Question 1

Atoms

Answer 1

Smallest basic unit of matter made up of protons, neutrons, electrons

Question 2

Protons

Answer 2

Positive charge (lives in nucleus)

Question 3

Electrons

Answer 3

Negative charge (lives outside of nucleus)

Question 4

Ions

Answer 4

Formed when an atom looses or gains an electron; positive ion has lost an electron while a negative ion has gained an electron

Question 5

Neutrons

Answer 5

Neutral charge (lives in nucleus)

Question 6

Isotopes

Answer 6

Atoms of the same element with the same number of protons and different number of neutrons

Question 7

Radioactive Isotopes

Answer 7

Can determine age of rocks and fossils, used to treat cancer and kill bacteria that cause food to spoil, used as tracers to follow movements of substances within organisms

Question 8

Elements

Answer 8

Cannot be broken down by ordinary chemical means

Question 9

Compound

Answer 9

Different elements bonded together

Question 10

Ionic Bonds (chemical bond)

Answer 10

Formed when one or more ion is transferred from one atom to another

Question 11

Covalent Bonds (chemical bond)

Answer 11

Atoms connected by shared electrons

Question 12

Molecule (chemical bond)

Answer 12

Group of covalently bonded atoms

Question 13

Van Der Waals Forces (chemical bond)

Answer 13

The sum of the attractive or repulsive forces between molecules (or between parts of the same molecule) other than those due to covalent bonds, with neutral molecules, or with charged molecules. The resulting van der waals forces can be attractive or repulsive

Question 14

Properties of Water

Answer 14

Water makes up most of Earth’s surface and is abundant in most living things; made of two parts hydrogen (slightly positive) and one part oxygen (slightly negative)

Question 15

Hydrogen Bonds

Answer 15

Responsible for water’s many properties that is so important to all living things

Question 16

Polarity (hydrogen bond)

Answer 16

Having regions of positive and negative charges

Question 17

Cohesion (hydrogen bond)

Answer 17

Attraction between molecules of same substances

Question 18

Adhesion (hydrogen bond)

Answer 18

Attraction between molecules of different substances

Question 19

Solution

Answer 19

Ability for water to dissolve is necessary to body (dissolves and transports); homogeneous mixture is evenly distributed mixture of two or more substances

Question 20

Solvent

Answer 20

Does the dissolving; in greater concentration than solute

Question 21

Solute

Answer 21

Substance being dissolved

Question 22

Suspension

Answer 22

Heterogeneous mixtures are mixtures with undissolved material

Question 23

Chemistry of Carbon

Answer 23

Unique due to its bonding properties

Question 24

Carbohydrates (carbon)

Answer 24

Energy source, includes starches and sugars

Question 25

Proteins (carbon)

Answer 25

Made of amino acids and are responsible for growth and repair, controlling the rate of reactions and transportation in/out of cells

Question 26

Lipids (carbon)

Answer 26

Fats need for storage and makes up for membranes

Question 27

Nucleic Acids (carbon)

Answer 27

RNA and DNA

Question 28

Chemical Reactions

Answer 28

Change substances into different substances by breaking and forming chemical bonds

Question 29

Reactants

Answer 29

Initial substance(s) that enter the reaction

Question 30

Products

Answer 30

Final substance(s) as a result of a chemical reaction

Question 31

Catalysts/Enzymes

Answer 31

Weakens bonds in reactants to speed up chemical reactions known as substrates which fits into an active site; usually proteins; enzymes in living things (organic); reactions in or out of cells

Question 32

Essential Roles of Enzymes

Answer 32

Regulating chemical pathways (in food digestion), making materials that cells need (copying DNA), release energy, transfer information (glucose transformation)

Question 33

Lock and Key Model

Answer 33

Enzymes cause new bonds to form between substrates

Question 34

pH

Answer 34

Scale to indicate the number of H+ in a solution. Water is neutral at 7. A change of one unit of the pH scale represents a tenfold increase in the concentration of hydrogen ions, so a change from 5.0 to 2.0 is a change of 3 units -> 10x10x10=1,000 times more hydrogen ions

Question 35

Acid

Answer 35

High concentration of H+, 0-7 on pH scale; the lower the number the stronger the acid

Question 36

Base

Answer 36

High concentration of OH-, 7-14 on pH scale; the higher the number the stronger the base

Question 37

Buffers

Answer 37

Weak acids or bases that neutralize or prevent sudden changes in pH

Question 38

Periodic Table

Answer 38

Element name, atomic #, proton #, electron #, neutron #, atomic mass Atomic #= # protons= # electrons Atomic mass= # protons+ # neutrons