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Science > Chemistry Of Life > Flashcards

Chemistry Of Life Flashcards

1
Q

Atoms

A

Smallest basic unit of matter made up of protons, neutrons, electrons

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2
Q

Protons

A

Positive charge (lives in nucleus)

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3
Q

Electrons

A

Negative charge (lives outside of nucleus)

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4
Q

Ions

A

Formed when an atom looses or gains an electron; positive ion has lost an electron while a negative ion has gained an electron

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5
Q

Neutrons

A

Neutral charge (lives in nucleus)

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6
Q

Isotopes

A

Atoms of the same element with the same number of protons and different number of neutrons

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7
Q

Radioactive Isotopes

A

Can determine age of rocks and fossils, used to treat cancer and kill bacteria that cause food to spoil, used as tracers to follow movements of substances within organisms

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8
Q

Elements

A

Cannot be broken down by ordinary chemical means

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9
Q

Compound

A

Different elements bonded together

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10
Q

Ionic Bonds (chemical bond)

A

Formed when one or more ion is transferred from one atom to another

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11
Q

Covalent Bonds (chemical bond)

A

Atoms connected by shared electrons

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12
Q

Molecule (chemical bond)

A

Group of covalently bonded atoms

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13
Q

Van Der Waals Forces (chemical bond)

A

The sum of the attractive or repulsive forces between molecules (or between parts of the same molecule) other than those due to covalent bonds, with neutral molecules, or with charged molecules. The resulting van der waals forces can be attractive or repulsive

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14
Q

Properties of Water

A

Water makes up most of Earth’s surface and is abundant in most living things; made of two parts hydrogen (slightly positive) and one part oxygen (slightly negative)

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15
Q

Hydrogen Bonds

A

Responsible for water’s many properties that is so important to all living things

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16
Q

Polarity (hydrogen bond)

A

Having regions of positive and negative charges

17
Q

Cohesion (hydrogen bond)

A

Attraction between molecules of same substances

18
Q

Adhesion (hydrogen bond)

A

Attraction between molecules of different substances

19
Q

Solution

A

Ability for water to dissolve is necessary to body (dissolves and transports); homogeneous mixture is evenly distributed mixture of two or more substances

20
Q

Solvent

A

Does the dissolving; in greater concentration than solute

21
Q

Solute

A

Substance being dissolved

22
Q

Suspension

A

Heterogeneous mixtures are mixtures with undissolved material

23
Q

Chemistry of Carbon

A

Unique due to its bonding properties

24
Q

Carbohydrates (carbon)

A

Energy source, includes starches and sugars

25
Q

Proteins (carbon)

A

Made of amino acids and are responsible for growth and repair, controlling the rate of reactions and transportation in/out of cells

26
Q

Lipids (carbon)

A

Fats need for storage and makes up for membranes

27
Q

Nucleic Acids (carbon)

A

RNA and DNA

28
Q

Chemical Reactions

A

Change substances into different substances by breaking and forming chemical bonds

29
Q

Reactants

A

Initial substance(s) that enter the reaction

30
Q

Products

A

Final substance(s) as a result of a chemical reaction

31
Q

Catalysts/Enzymes

A

Weakens bonds in reactants to speed up chemical reactions known as substrates which fits into an active site; usually proteins; enzymes in living things (organic); reactions in or out of cells

32
Q

Essential Roles of Enzymes

A

Regulating chemical pathways (in food digestion), making materials that cells need (copying DNA), release energy, transfer information (glucose transformation)

33
Q

Lock and Key Model

A

Enzymes cause new bonds to form between substrates

34
Q

pH

A

Scale to indicate the number of H+ in a solution. Water is neutral at 7. A change of one unit of the pH scale represents a tenfold increase in the concentration of hydrogen ions, so a change from 5.0 to 2.0 is a change of 3 units -> 10x10x10=1,000 times more hydrogen ions

35
Q

Acid

A

High concentration of H+, 0-7 on pH scale; the lower the number the stronger the acid

36
Q

Base

A

High concentration of OH-, 7-14 on pH scale; the higher the number the stronger the base

37
Q

Buffers

A

Weak acids or bases that neutralize or prevent sudden changes in pH

38
Q

Periodic Table

A

Element name, atomic #, proton #, electron #, neutron #, atomic mass

Atomic #= # protons= # electrons
Atomic mass= # protons+ # neutrons

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