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Chap. 2-Chemistry of Life > Chemistry of life > Flashcards

Chemistry of life Flashcards

(56 cards)

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1
Q

Matter consists of chemical elements in pure forms and in combinations called

A

compounds

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2
Q

organisms are composed of

A

Matter

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3
Q

Element

A

Substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by chemical reaction

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4
Q

Compound

A

substance consisting of two or more elements in a fixed ratio.

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5
Q

Atom

A

Smallest unit of matter

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6
Q

Atoms are composed of subatomics particles

A

Neutrons, protons, and electrons

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7
Q

The emergent properties of compound

A

single cells come together to form an organism

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8
Q

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen make up

A

96% of living matter

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9
Q

most of the remaining 4% consists of

A

calcium, potassium, and sulfur

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10
Q

trace elements

A

are required by an organism in only minute quantities (less than .01)

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11
Q

Some examples of trace elements

A

Boron, chromium, cobalt, copper, fluorine…

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12
Q

neutrons and protons from the

A

atomic nucleus

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13
Q

Electrons form a “cloud” of

A

negative change around the nucleus

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14
Q

Neutron and proton mass are identical and are measured in

A

Daltons

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15
Q

Isotopes

A

Two atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons

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16
Q

Radioactive isotopes

A

Decay spontaneously, giving off particles and energy

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17
Q

Radiometric dating

A

determine ages of fossils

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18
Q

Half-life

A

time it takes for isotopes to decay into its daughter (time it takes to disintegrate)

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19
Q

Radiocarbon dating can be used to date fossils up to

A

75,000 yrs

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20
Q

energy

A

Capacity to cause change

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21
Q

Potential energy

A

The energy that matter has because of its location or structure

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22
Q

Electron shell or energy level

A

The electron’s state of potential energy

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23
Q

chemical bonds

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A

force that holds atoms together

24
Q

covalent bounds

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A

chemical link between two atoms in which electrons are shared between them

25
Valence shell
Outermost shell which contains at least one electron
26
molecule
Consists of two or more atoms held together by covalent bounds
27
Covalent bounds can form between
atoms of the same element or atoms of different elements
28
Compound
A combination of two or more different elements
29
electronegativity
An atom's attraction for the electron in a covalent bound
30
non-polar covalent bond
the atoms share the electron equally
31
polar covalent
one atom is more electronegative, and the other atoms do not share the electron equally
32
Unequal sharing of electrons causes a partial
positive or negative charge fo each atom or molecule
33
Ion
A charged atom
34
cation
A positive changed ion
35
anion
Negatively charged ion
36
Ionic bound
Attraction between an anion and cation
37
compounds formed by ionic bounds are called
Ionic compounds (or salts)
38
most of the strongest bonds in organisms are
covalent bonds
39
Large biological molecules are held in their functional forma by
Weak bonds
40
hydrogen bond
Forms when a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to one electronegative atom
41
In all living cells, the electronegative partners are usually
Oxygen or nitrogen atoms
42
Van de waals interactions
attraction between molecules that are very close together as a result of these changes
43
chemical bonds
strong chemical bonds
44
non-covalent chemical bonds
Weak chemical bonds
45
collectively, weak chemical interactions can be relatively
strong
46
A molecule's shape is a
key to its function
47
molecules with similar shapes can have
similar biological effects
48
endorphin
- discovered in 1975 | - produces analgesia and a feeling of well-being
49
morphine
``` - narcotic pain reliever Alter mood (by binding to specific receptors on brain cells ```
50
chemical reaction are
the making and breaking of chemical bonds
51
reactants
Starting molecules of a chemical reaction
52
products
final molecules of a chemical reaction
53
All chemical reactions are
Reversible (Products of the forward and reverse reaction become reactants for the reverse reaction)
54
Chemical equilibrium
is reached when the forward and reverse reaction occur at the same rate
55
Most chemical reactions are
NOT at equilibrium in living cells
56
S cells at equilibrium is
dead

Chap. 2-Chemistry of Life (1 decks)

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