Chemistry Of Life Part 3 Flashcards
(20 cards)
What are nucleic acids composed of?
CHAINS OF NUCLEOTIDES
A nucleotide is a complex combination of what substances?
NITROGEN BASE (PURINE OR PYRIMIDINE), A SUGAR (DEOXYRIBOSE), AND A PHOSPHATE GROUP
What are the two purine bases?
ADENINE AND GUANINE
What are the three pyrimidine bases?
THYMINE, CYTOSINE, AND URACIL WHICH IS FOUND IN RNA ONLY AND IS SUBSTITUTED FOR THYMINE.
What is a high energy molecule that is the fuel that allows cells to function and maintain themselves?
ATP ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE
What does the atp molecule consist of?
RIBPSE SUGAR,ADENINE, AND THREE PHOSPHATE GROUPS
What provides the energy to make atp molecules?
THE BREAKDOWN OF THE GLUCOSE MOLECULE AND OTHER NUTRIENTS
What are the three ways that materials move through plasma,membranes?
DIFFUSION, OSMOSIS AND ACTIVE TRANSPORT
What is the movement of molecules through a medium from an area of high concentration of those molecules to an area of low concentration of those molecules?
DIFFUSION
What accelerates the rate of diffusing molecules?
INCREASED TEMPERATURE
What is an example of diffusion in the human body?
THE UPTAKE OF OXYGEN BY THE BLOOD IN THE LUNGS AND THE RELEASE OF CARBON DIOXIDE GAS TO THE LUNGS FROM THE BLOOD.
What is the movement of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane, such as plasma membrane, from an area of higher concentration of water molecules to an area of low concentration of water molecules.
OSMOSIS
A solution of which the salt concentration outside a cell is the same as inside a cell is ________ solution . The cell would neither gain nor lose appreciable amounts of water.
AN ISOTONIC SOLUTION (SALINE SOLUTION)
A solution in which the salt concentration inside the cell is higher than outside the cell is _______ solution. The cell would absorb water.
HYPOTONIC. (PURE DISTILLED WATER)
A solution in which the salt concentration is greater outside the cell than inside the cell is ________ solution. The cell would lose water in such a solution.
HYPERTONIC (5% SALT SOLUTION)
_________is the transportation of materials against a concentration gradient in position to other factors that would normally keep the material from entering the cell. Those requires energy in ATP form and is the main mechanism by which most cells obtain the materials they need for normal functioning.
AXRIVE TRANSPORT.
If a substance disassociate and forms an excess of H+ ions when dissolved in water it is referred to?
AN ACID WHICH HAS A PH LOWER THAN 7
If a substance combines with an H+ ion when dissolved in water it is referred to?
A BASE..BASIC SOLUTIONS HAVE A PH HIGHER THAN 7
What is a special substance that acts as reservoirs for hydrogen ions, donating them to a solution when their concentration falls and taking them from a solution when their concentration rises?
BUFFERS
How do bufferd help maintain homeostasis within cells?
WITH pH LEVELS…KEEPING THEM FAIRLY CLOSE TO 7
