Chemistry of Life Quest Flashcards
(22 cards)
What are the four most abundant elements in living things
CHON Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen
If you dissolve salt in water what is the solute? The solvent? The solution?
salt (solute), water(solvent), salt water (solution)
What is a solution?
an equal mixture of 2 or more things, physically not chemically combined
What are the properties of water (most of which result from the fact that water molecules are polar and tend to stick together)? Give an example of each one. The text lists five.
surface tension cohesion, adhesion, specific heat capacity, ability to devolve many substances
What atoms make up a water molecule? Draw an illustration
showing a water molecule’s structure. Be sure to label which side
of the molecule is positive and which is negative.
hydrogen(+) oxygen(-)
When water boils or evaporates, what type of bond breaks? (What is the bond between water molecules called?
hydrogen bonds
What has mass, composes up life and elements, and occupies space?
atoms
Know the structure of an atom and the respective mass and charges of the parts. What determines the atomic number?
of protons
What is an isotope? How are radioactive isotopes used?
Isotopes are a form of an element with different number of electrons
Why does ice float?
it’s less dense than water
What is an ion and how is an ionic bond formed?
Ion positively or negatively charged atom
Ionic bonds form when 1 or more electrons are transferred to an atom
What is an atom, and how is a covalent bond formed?
atom smallest unit of mater, and covalent formed by sharing electrons
Hydrogen bonds are an example of what kind of weak force? (Hint: It’s a person’s last name.)
Van der Waals forces
Rank the relative strengths of covalent, ionic, and hydrogen bonds in solids from strongest to weakest.
Ionic (strong, covalent( medium), hydrogen(weak)
What is pH a measure of?
hydrogen atoms
Label PH Scale
0-7:
7:
7-14:
acidic, neutral, basic
How are the intervals on the pH scale measured? How many times higher in H+ ions than a pH of 5 compared to a pH of 4? How many times higher in H+ ions than a pH of 6 compared to pH of 4?
10x 100x
What is the smallest particle of water that still retains the properties of water?
d molecule
Know the three types of bonds we discussed, their relative strengths, which are chemical bonds, and how each bond forms.
Ionic- transfer electrons
covalent- share electrons
hydrogen- attraction
What two special properties of water are involved in capillary action?
adhesion, cohesion
If a reaction absorbs energy in one direction, what must it do in the opposite direction?
absorbs energy
In reactions, atoms aren’t created nor destroyed, they are only ____________.
transformed
