Chemistry of Life Vocab

Question 1

Matter

Answer 1

Everything that is around you. Atoms molecules are all composed of matter.

Question 2

Kinetic Energy

Answer 2

When energy is is actually doing work. (moving objects)

Question 3

Potential Energy

Answer 3

When it is inactive or stored. (as in the batteries of an unused toy)

Question 4

Chemical Energy

Answer 4

Is the stored in the bonds of chemical substances. If the bonds are broken the the energy is released.

Question 5

Electrical Energy

Answer 5

This is the movement of charged particles.

Question 6

Mechanical Energy

Answer 6

Is directly involved in moving matter.

Question 7

Radiant Energy

Answer 7

Travels in waves, that is, energy of the electroagnetic spectrum.

Question 8

Element

Answer 8

Unique substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances that ordinary chemical methods.

Question 9

Atom

Answer 9

The smallest particles that still retains its special properties.

Question 10

Proton

Answer 10

A positive charge.

Question 11

Neutron

Answer 11

A neutral or uncharged particles.

Question 12

Electron

Answer 12

A negative charge.

Question 13

Compound

Answer 13

Molecules made up of atoms from different elements.

Question 14

Molecules

Answer 14

Smallest particles in a chemical energy.

Question 15

Chemical Reactions

Answer 15

Occurs when two or more molecules interact and the molecules change.

Question 16

Valence Shell

Answer 16

Atoms outermost shell, its electrons determine the chemical behavior of the atom.

Question 17

Ionic Bonds

Answer 17

Form when electrons are completley transferred from one atom to another.

Question 18

Ions

Answer 18

When the electrons during bonding are neither negative or postive charged.

Question 19

Covalent Bonds

Answer 19

Molecules in which atoms share electrons and their bonds.

Question 20

Hydrogen Bonds

Answer 20

Extremly weak bonds formed when a hydrogen atom nound to one electron-hungry nitrogen or oxygen atom is attraced by another electron-hungry atom.

Question 21

Synthesis Reactions

Answer 21

Occurs when two or more atoms or molecules combine to form a larger more complex molecule.

Question 22

Decomposition Reactions

Answer 22

Occur when a molecule is broken down into smaller molecules atoms or ions.

Question 23

Exchange Reactions

Answer 23

Involve both synthesis and composition reactions, bonds are both made and broken.

Question 24

Inorganic Compounds

Answer 24

These lack carbon and tend to be small, simple molecules.

Question 25

Organic Compounds

Answer 25

These are carbon-containing compounds.

Question 26

Electrolytes

Answer 26

Ions are charged particles, and all salts are electrolytes theses substances that conduct an eltrical current in a soultion.

Question 27

Carbohydrates

Answer 27

This includes sugars and starches, contains carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.

Question 28

Glucose

Answer 28

Also called blood sugar is the universal celluar fuel.

Question 29

Monosaccharide

Answer 29

These are joined to form the molecules of the other two groups, they are structural units.

Question 30

Disaccharides

Answer 30

These are double sugars are formed when two simple sugars are joined by a synthesis reaction know as dehydration synthesis.

Question 31

Polysaccharides

Answer 31

Theses are long, branching chains of linked simple sugars.

Question 32

Lipids

Answer 32

Are large and diverse group of organic compounds.

Question 33

Triglycerides

Answer 33

Or neutral fats, are composed of two types of building blocks, fatty acids and glycerol.

Question 34

Phospholipids

Answer 34

Are very similar to triglycerides. They differ in that a phosphours-containing group always part of the molecule and takes the place of on of the fatty acid chains.

Question 35

Steriods

Answer 35

Are basically flat molecules formed of four interlocking rings.

Question 36

Cholesterol

Answer 36

Which enters the body in animal products such as meat, eggs and cheese.

Question 37

Protein

Answer 37

Account for over 50 percent of the organic matter in the body, and have the most varied functions of organic molecules.

Question 38

Amino Acid

Answer 38

Building blocks of proteins are small molecules.

Question 39

Enzymes

Answer 39

These are functional proteins that act as biological catalysts.

Question 40

DNA

Answer 40

A carrier of genetic information.

Question 41

ATP

Answer 41

Molecules that fuel life.