Chemistry Of Living Things

Question 1

Results of not maintaining homeostasis

Answer 1

Death
Disease
Organ failure

Question 2

What is a feedback mechanism

Answer 2

A cycle in which the product of one reaction causes another to start or stop

Question 3

What is dynamic equilibrium

Answer 3

A balanced state created by many small, opposing changes

Question 4

Taken together, what are all life processes?

Answer 4

Metabolism

Question 5

What are the different kinds of metabolism

Answer 5

Nutrition
Respiration
Synthesis
Transport
Regulation
Excretion
Reproduction

Question 6

Nutrition

Answer 6

Using nutrients for growth synthesis repair and energy

Question 7

Nutrient

Answer 7

A substance that provides nourishment essential for the growth and maintenance of an organism

Question 8

Respiration

Answer 8

A process that converts energy into ATP

Question 9

Synthesis

Answer 9

Making complex chemicals from simple substances

Question 10

Transport

Answer 10

Absorbing and distributing materials throughout the body

Question 11

Regulation

Answer 11

The control and coordination of life processes

Question 12

Excretion

Answer 12

Removal of waste produced by metabolic activities

Question 13

Reproduction

Answer 13

Passes on genes to offspring

Question 14

What are inorganic chemicals?

Answer 14

Simple chemicals

Question 15

Water

Answer 15

The most common substance in living things it occupies about 60% of body mass. It is needed for chemical reactions which won’t happen in dry conditions. It can also dissolve other molecules into a solution allowing them to be transported through the body

Question 16

Oxygen

Answer 16

Needed by most but not all organisms for cellular respiration. Released by plants and algae as a waste product of photosynthesis.

Question 17

Anaerobic respiration

Answer 17

Respiration that does not use oxygen. Used by some bacteria and yeast that do not require oxygen

Question 18

Aerobic respiration

Answer 18

Uses oxygen to extract energy from glucose. Used in the second and third cycle of respiration in human cells. The most efficient way of producing ATP.

Question 19

Carbon dioxide

Answer 19

With water it is used by plants to make glucose during photosynthesis. Is also a waste product of aerobic respiration

Question 20

Nitrogen

Answer 20

70% of the air we breathe. It is needed to make proteins. Converted into nitrates by soil bacteria and absorbed by plants and eaten by animals

Question 21

Acids and bases

Answer 21

Measured by the pH scale. Very high pH mean something as basic. PH around seven means that something is neutral. Very low pH mean something is acidic. Level of acidity may affect the rate of enzymes but does not denature proteins. Digestive enzymes work fastest in acidic environment which is why we make HCl

Question 22

Organic compounds

Answer 22

Larger more complex compounds which always contain the elements carbon and hydrogen synthesized from simpler substances which are also known as building blocks

Question 23

Carbohydrate

Answer 23

Essentially sugars and starches. They are made of simple sugars. Their functions are providing energy and storing energy in plants or starch

Question 24

Lipids

Answer 24

Essentially fat oils and waxes. Their functions are storing energy and animal fat, insulation, waterproofing, informing the cell membrane.

Question 25

Proteins

Answer 25

Complex compounds that carry out the bodies activities. Building blocks are amino acids. Shapes determine functions.

Question 26

What is the lock and key model?

Answer 26

Proteins must have the right shape to fit with their molecules. Changing the shape of a protein will change what it can interact with and its function.

Question 27

What does denaturing mean?

Answer 27

Literally unraveling a protein. This can alter the lock and key model and change what it can interact with.

Question 28

What are some important proteins?

Answer 28

Hormones and neurotransmitters can carry messages throughout the body Cell receptors can receive hormone/neurotransmitters Antibodies attack foreign pathogen's Enzymes act as catalysts, controlling all chemical reactions

Question 29

Why are high fevers dangerous?

Answer 29

High temperatures can cause enzymes to denature

Question 30

Nucleic acids

Answer 30

DNA, RNA. Make up genes and chromosomes. They are made of nucleotides. ACTGU. Molecular bases

Question 31

What is homeostasis?

Answer 31

A balanced state in an organism's body.