Chemistry of Matter

Question 1

Elements of Interest for Estheticians;

Creepy Organs Hear Nutty Snakes

Answer 1

Carbon Oxygen Hydrogen

Nitrogen Sulfur

Question 2

Periodic Law

Answer 2

Unifying concept used to organize elements and their

similarities

Question 3

Atomic Number

Answer 3

indicates number of protons in a

single particular element; basis for organization

Question 4

Elements

Answer 4

basic units of matter that cannot be

broken down into simpler substances by any chemical reaction; pure substances

Question 5

Number of Elements

Answer 5

92 Naturally occurring elements in nature

Question 6

Energy

Answer 6

the ability to do work to accomplish some
change
• Changes in matter always involve either gain or
loss of energy

Question 7

Sublimation

Answer 7

solid passing into gaseous state

without melting

Question 8

Chemical Change

Answer 8

Change in a substance that creates a new substance
with different material characteristics from those of the
original substance

Question 9

Physical Change

Answer 9

Change in the physical characteristics of a substance

without creating a new substance possessing a distinct material composition

Question 10

Matter

Answer 10

anything that occupies space, 3 states of matter

Question 11

States of Matter

Answer 11

Solid: definite weight, volume, shape
Liquid: Def. Weight, Volume, No shape
Gas: Def. Weight, Indefinite Volume and Shape

Question 12

Organic Chemistry

Answer 12

Deals with all matter that is now living or was alive at
one time; study of matter containing carbon, which is
present in all plants and animals

Question 13

Inorganic Chemistry

Answer 13

Deals with matter that was never living; and does not

contain carbon

Question 14

Biochemistry

Answer 14

The study of chemical reactions, such as growth,
reproduction and respiration, that occur within a
living organism;chemicals related to life processes and their reactions
within the body

Question 15

Chemistry

Answer 15

Scientific study of matter; physical and chemical changes
affecting matter and energy changes that accompany these
processes

Question 16

Atoms

Answer 16

Smallest complete unit of an element; each element consists of identical atoms; consist of protons,
neutrons, and electrons

Question 17

Protons

Answer 17

positive electrical charge; number of protons differentiates one element from another

Question 18

Neutrons

Answer 18

no electrical charge; neutrally charged

Question 19

Electrons

Answer 19

negative electrical charge; enable atoms to unite with other atoms to form bonds

Question 20

Nucleus

Answer 20

protons and neutrons packed tightly to

form dense core at the center of the atom

Question 21

Free Electron

Answer 21

name given to an electron in the

outermost orbit that is easily moved from its orbit

Question 22

Free Electron Behaviors

Answer 22

• If another atom has a shortage of electrons, free
electron will try to move to that atom
• Atoms not missing any electrons in outer shell are
considered stable and electrically neutral
• Unstable atoms are reactive; seek other atoms with
which they can share electrons to complete outer
shell; when they combine they make molecules

Question 23

Molecule

Answer 23

When unstable atoms combine chemically by sharing electrons a molecule is formed Smallest particle of a compound; has all the chemical properties of that compound; two or more atoms joined by
chemical bond

Question 24

Molecules

Answer 24

two or more of the same atoms joined
together by one or more chemical bonds
• Described using the chemical symbols of each element

Question 25

Compounds

Answer 25

Created chemically uniting two different elements • Compounds formed by the union of individual elements have their own unique chemical and physical characteristics >4 million identified

Question 26

Chemical Reactions

Answer 26

Reactions that occur in the outer shell of atoms Occurs when two or more chemicals are mixed together Oxidation and Reduction

Question 27

Oxidation

Answer 27

substance loses an electron; oxygen is required

Question 28

Reduction

Answer 28

gains an electron; oxygen is released

Question 29

Ions

Answer 29

charged atoms involved in a chemical reaction; ions attract or repel each other based on their positive or negative charge

Question 30

Ionic bond

Answer 30

when positive and negative ions join, they | are held together by an ionic bond

Question 31

Covalent bond

Answer 31

if no trading is taking place and the atoms are sharing the electrons, they are held together by a covalent bond

Question 32

Chemical bonds

Answer 32

forces that hold atoms together in | compounds

Question 33

3 Major Biochemical Compound Groups

Answer 33

Proteins, Carbohydrates, Lipids

Question 34

Proteins

Answer 34

basic materials the body uses to construct and renew itself

Question 35

Enzymes

Answer 35

materials that dissolve and break down large | molecules into smaller ones

Question 36

Amino acid

Answer 36

compounds consisting of carbon, oxygen, | hydrogen and nitrogen; join together to form protein chains in 2 ways Peptide Bond and Polypeptide Chain

Question 37

Peptide bond

Answer 37

a bond uniting two amino acid groups; bond forms when two amino acids are positioned end-to-end causing the acid end of one to attach to amino end of another

Question 38

Polypeptide chain

Answer 38

thousands of amino acids | connected lengthwise to form a chain

Question 39

Monomers

Answer 39

basic building-block molecules; serve | as building blocks that connect with each other to form larger, more complex compounds

Question 40

Polymers

Answer 40

groups of monomers that bond together

Question 41

Carbohydrates

Answer 41

Used by the body to store energy; play a key role in metabolism; examples of monomers and polymers found in the body; Molecules containing carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O)

Question 42

4 Names of Carbohydrates/ Saccharides

Answer 42

Saccharide; Monosaccharide; Disaccharides; Polysaccharides

Question 43

Saccharide

Answer 43

simple unit of a carbohydrate

Question 44

Monosaccharide

Answer 44

a single saccharide

Question 45

Disaccharides

Answer 45

two saccharides linked together

Question 46

Polysaccharides

Answer 46

many saccharides linked | together

Question 47

Lipids

Answer 47

Lipids are made up of carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) and are not formed by the linkage of basic molecule units

Question 48

Lipid Functions

Answer 48

Synthesized by the body and used in many biological functions; Fill in intercellular spaces in the skin; Triglycerides, fats and steroids are all examples of lipids