Chemistry of the Atmosphere

Question 1

Describe the proportions of gases in our atmosphere

Answer 1

• Approximately 80% nitrogen
• Approximately 20% oxygen
• Small proportions of various other gases, including carbon dioxide, water vapour and noble gases.

Question 2

How was the amount of oxygen increased on Earth as life began to grow there?

Answer 2

Lots of volcanic activity produced lots of water vapour, which then condensed to form oceans. This then allowed life like algae and plants to grow which produced the oxygen that is now in the atmosphere by photosynthesis. This also led to a decrease in the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

Question 3

Describe the greenhouse effect in terms of the interaction of wavelength radiation with matter.

Answer 3

Some of the infrared radiation that the Earth radiates is absorbed by the greenhouse gases in our atmosphere causing global warming.

Question 4

What is a carbon footprint?

Answer 4

The carbon footprint is the total amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases emitted over the full life cycle of a product, service or event. The carbon footprint can be reduced by reducing emissions of carbon dioxide and methane.

Question 5

Describe the properties and effects of carbon monoxide

Answer 5

Carbon monoxide is a toxic gas. It is colourless and odourless and so is not easily detected.

Question 6

Describe the properties and effects of sulphur dioxide

Answer 6

Sulfur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen cause respiratory problems in humans and cause acid rain.