Chemistry Of The Atmosphere

Question 1

What are the percentages of atmosphere of the Earth 

Answer 1

78% nitrogen
21% oxygen
small proportions of other gases including carbon dioxide water vapor and noble gases

Question 2

What do volcanoes release

Answer 2

Nitrogen and a small amount of methane and ammonia

Question 3

What is the difference between the early atmosphere of the Earth and the modern atmosphere today

Answer 3

The early atmosphere contains large amounts of carbon dioxide and very little oxygen

The modern atmosphere today contains 78% of nitrogen and 21% of oxygen and other gases

Question 4

What do sediments reduce

Answer 4

The amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

Question 5

What happened when the ocean formed carbon dioxide devolved in the water

Answer 5

Carbonates were precipitated producing sediments (rocks)

Question 6

What did sedimentary rock limestone remove

Answer 6

carbon dioxide from the atmosphere

Question 7

What is one theory during the first billion years of earths existence

Answer 7

There was intense volcanic activity that released gases that formed the early atmosphere and water vapor that condense to form the oceans

Question 8

At the start of earths atmosphere what was it like

Answer 8

Like the atmosphere of mars and Venus today consisting of mainly carbon dioxide with little or no oxygen gas

Question 9

How oxygen increased

Answer 9

Algae and plants produce oxygen (Carbon dioxide + water >light > glucose + oxygen)

Question 10

How carbon dioxide decreased

Answer 10

Algae and plants decrease the percentage of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere by photosynthesis

Question 11

Other than plants and algae how was carbon dioxide decreased

Answer 11

Carbon dioxide was decreased by formation of sedimentary rocks and fossils fuels that contain carbon

Question 12

How is coal formed

Answer 12

From the remains of ferns and trees 

Question 13

What does high temperature and pressure create

Answer 13

Coal

Question 14

What is crude oil formed from

Answer 14

Plankton which are tiny plants and animals found in the Sea

Question 15

If oxygen is not present what happens

Answer 15

They do not decompose

Question 16

What is natural gas

Answer 16

The hydrocarbon methane 

Question 17

How is natural gas formed

Answer 17

from plankton 

Question 18

What do all fossil fuels contain

Answer 18

Trapped carbon

Question 19

Name greenhouse gases

Answer 19

Water vapor
carbon dioxide
methane

Question 20

What do greenhouse gases do in the atmosphere of earth

Answer 20

Maintain high temperatures

Question 21

What are some human activities that increase the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere

Answer 21

Carbon dioxide
methane

Question 22

What’s the Short wavelength radiation and long wavelength radiation

Answer 22

Short wavelength radiation is from the sun
long wavelength radiation is from the Earth surface

Question 23

How is methane released

Answer 23

For example growing rice in flooded Paddy Fields
When cows pass wind

Question 24

What does peer review allow

Answer 24

Scientist to detect false claims

Question 25

Define carbon footprint

Answer 25

The total amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases emitted over the full lifecycle of a product, service, or event.

Question 26

How can carbon footprint be reduced

Answer 26

By reducing emission of carbon dioxide and methane 

Question 27

What type of major source is combustion of fuels

Answer 27

Atmospheric pollutants

Question 28

What do most fuels include

Answer 28

Coal containing carbon or hydrogen and also contain some sulfur

Question 29

Name some gases released into the atmosphere when fuel is burned

Answer 29

Carbon dioxide
water vapor
carbon monoxide
sulfur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen.

Solid particles and unburned hydrocarbons also be released that form particles in the atmosphere

Question 30

What is carbon monoxide

Answer 30

A toxic gas that is colourless and odourless and is not easily detected

Question 31

What does sulfur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen cause

Answer 31

Acid rain

Question 32

What do particulates cause

Answer 32

Global dimming and health problems for humans

Question 33

Define fuel

Answer 33

Fuels release energy when they are combusted (Burned)

Question 34

Give two examples of fuels

Answer 34

Coal and hydrocarbons

Question 35

What is coal used for

Answer 35

To generate electricity in power stations

Question 36

What are hydrocarbons used for

Answer 36

Petrol and diesel to power vehicles

Question 37

Define Oxidation and reduction

Answer 37

Oxidation: The loss of electrons gain of oxygen
Reduction: The gain of electrons and loss of oxygen

Question 38