CHEMISTRY PAPER 1 Flashcards by Faria sultana

What are the sub atomic structure of an atom

Proton
Electron
Neutron

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is an ion

A charged atom

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is a Isotopes

An element that has the same amount of proton and different amount of neutron

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the atomic nucleus made up of

Proton and neutron

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the mass number

A total of proton plus neutron

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What does the atomic number tell you

The amount of protons and electrons

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are on the outershell

Electron

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are compounds

Two or more atoms that are chemically bonded together

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

When making bonds what do they to

Either gain, loose or share an electron

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How is ionic bonding made

When a metal gains and non metal loose electron

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How is covalent bonding made

When two or more non metal share electron

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is a reactant in a word equation

The elements that will react together

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the product in a word equation

The products that is produced by the reactant

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are mixtures

They are mixtures that are easily separated unlike compounds

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Types of method to separate mixtures

-filteration
-crystallisation
-simple distillation
-fractional distillation
-chromotography

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the law of conservation?

no atoms can be created or destroyed

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What happens is filtration

Separates mixtures that contain insoluble solids (can’t dissolve) and liquid (which are soluble)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How is filtration performed

pouring mixture into filter paper
insouble is trapped by filter paper (solid)
soluble runs through paper and collected below

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is crystallisation

A separation of mixtures by the solute (dissolved solid) forming into a crystal.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How would u preform crystallisation

add in solvent and a solid in a evaporating dish (and let the solid dissolve)
heating mixture (with bunsen burner) until some solvent (liquid) evaporates
eventually, crystal of the solute ( dissolved solid) will form
filter out crystals and leave it in a warm place to dry (could put in oven)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is chromotography

Separates solution with a number of different solute (solids) in the solvent (liquid)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How would you preform chromatography?

place a drop of solution near the bottom of the chromatography paper.
dip bottom of paper into suitable solvent (liquid)
solvent (liquid) moves up the paper and carried solute (solid) in the solution
some solutes moves at different speed
seperate on paper

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is Simple distillation

A separates 2 liquids with different boiling point

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How is simple distillation preformed

-mixture starts to boil until liquid with the lower boiling point starts to boil
- vapour is released through condenser
-then gas cools back to liquid

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is fractional distillation

Separating lots of liquid with different amount of boiling point

How is fractional distillation performed

- slowly heat until the liquid with the lower boiling point starts to boil - than increase temperature to collect (boil then condense) the other fraction

What is an alloy

Two or metals which are metallically bonded together

What is an alloy

Two or metals which are metallically bonded together

What does diatomic mean

Element that can be alone like oxygen

What is a solvent

Liquid in which a solute is dissolved

What is a solute

The substance that is dissolved in the liquid

What is a solution

The mixture formed when a solute dissolved into the solvent

What is a souble

Something that can be dissolve

What is insouble

Cant be dissolved

What does chemical bonds create

A strong electromagnetic force

What are the three main covalent structures

- diamond - graphene - graphite

What is a polmer

Large covalently bonded molecule

What are the properties of an ionic structure

-giant ionic lattice -strong electrostatic force -high melting point and high boiling point -when molten (melted) or dissolve it conducts electricity

Why does a structure have a high melting and boiling point

Because energy is required to break many strong bonds

Why does a melted or dissolved structure conduct electricity

Because of the free electron (delocalised)

What are the properties of a small molecule

-has weak intermolecular force which is quickly broken in boiling and melting point -intermolecular forces increases with the size of a molecule -doesnt conduct electricity because they have no charge

Why do gases and liquids have a low melting and boiling point

Because the attraction between molecules are easy to overcome

What state is the gaint covalent bonds

Solid

What is a diamond

4 carbon covalent bonded together

What are the properties of a diamond

-very hard -high melting point -doesn’t not conduct electricity

What are graphite

3 carbon covalently bonded together

What are the properties of a graphite

-conducts electricity because of one free electron -weak intermolecular force -soft and slippery

What is a graphene

A single layer of carbon atoms (tightly bonded in a hexagonal honeycomb lattice)

The properties of graphene

- extremely strong - lightweight - flexible - conductor of heat and electricity

What is a relative formula mass of a compound

Sum of relative atomic masses of atoms (proton and neutron)

What is a relative formula mass of a compound

Sum of relative atomic masses of atoms (proton and neutron)

What is the number of atoms, molecule, or ions in a mole of a given substance in the Avogadro constant

6.02 x 10 to the power or 23 per mole

What is the equation of moles

Mass= amount (mol) x relative fomula mass(gmol-1)

how can you find the relative atomic mass in an isotope

sum of mass ------------------------------------------- (divide) how many elements there are

how would we know that the relative atomic mass from the number of isotopes is correct

it will be the same as the relative atomic mass on the atomic table

what is the calculation when finding the relative atomic mass by the percentage abundance

(mass x percentage)+ (mass x percentage) -------------------------------------------- 100

what are group 1 elements known as

alkaline metals

what are the properties of alkaline metals (3.5 points)

- soft/ easy to cut through- gets softer down the table -low densities and low melting point (easy to melt when going down the group) - very reactive

why does reactivity increase when going down group 1

number of shells increases by 1 when going down ( making it easier to loose)

what happens when atomic number increases

-the atomic radius increase (creating distance between the outer shell an the nucleus) -nucleus attraction decreases

what happens when alkaline metals react with water

they react vigoursly ( reactive levels gets bigger down the group)

when the alkaline reacts with water what does it produce

when fizzing the produce gas ( hydroxide and hydrogen)

when group 1 metal reactive with water what do they loose

1 electron

is the the reactant is = sodium+water, what will the product be

sodium hydroxide+ hydrogen

how do group 1 react with oxygen

they react rapidly

what do you call group 7

halogens

what does is mean when halogen has a diatomic molecules

paired atoms

how to the group 7 non metals present themsleves

as a coloured vapour/liquid

what are the colour vapour/ liquid for the 4 main halogens

Fluorine- yellow poisonous gas chlorine- green poisonous gas bromine- red/brown volatile liquid iodine- dark grey solid or purple vapour

in a displacement reaction what will happen when one the halogen elements is more reactive that than the other ( e.g like how fluorine is more reactive then chlorine)

the less reactive one will get displaced by the more reactive halogen

what is group 0 called

noble gasses

why is group 0 unreactive

they have a full/ stable outershell

what is the noble gas's boiling point (which also makes them?)

lower then room temp (colourless and inflammable)

when going down the noble gases what happens to the boiling point

increases

why does the boiling point when going down group 0 increase

due to the increase number of electrons in each atom, creating a greater intermolecular force between them

what are the physical changes of a halogen going down the group

- colour gets darker -melting and boiling point increases -density increases - high relative atomic masses

why is does the reactivity scale go down for halogens

as there are an increased of shells, the electrons on the outer shell would be far away from the nucleus creating a weak electrostatic force of attraction (making it harder for it to attract incoming electron to create a full shell)

as halogens are a diatomic molecules, how will you write down the symbol for fluorine

F(small)2

CHEMISTRY PAPER 1 Flashcards

(79 cards)