Chemistry Paper 1

Question 1

What is an element?

Answer 1

A substance made up from only 1 type of atom

Question 2

What is an atom?

Answer 2

the smallest part of an element that can exist

Question 3

Total mass of products in a reaction =

Answer 3

Total mass of reactants

Question 4

Why does total mass of products = total mass of reactants?

Answer 4

No atoms are lost or made

Question 5

4 main separation techniques?

Answer 5

Filtration
Distillation (Simple//fractional)
Chromatography
Crystallisation

Question 6

Who discovered the electron?

Answer 6

JJ Thomson

Question 7

What did Thomson believe atoms contained? What was this model called?

Answer 7

negative electrons surrounded by a sea of positive charge. plum pudding model

Question 8

What did Geiger and Marden do? What did this show Rutherford?

Answer 8

bombarded a thin sheet of gold foil with aloha particles&raquo_space; some bounced back/ were deflected&raquo_space; showed Rutherford that the positive charge in an atom must be concentrated in a very small area.

Question 9

Who discovered the neutron?

Answer 9

James Chadwick

Question 10

What did Bohr do?

Answer 10

Deduced that electrons must orbit the nucleus at a specific distance (otherwise they would spiral inwards)

Question 11

Atomic radius of atoms?

Answer 11

0.1nm // 1x10^-10

Question 12

what is the atomic number?

Answer 12

number of protons

Question 13

what is the mass number?

Answer 13

number of nucleons (protons+neutrons)

Question 14

How are element arrange in the modern periodic table/

Answer 14

In order of increasing mass number

Question 15

What is an isotope?

Answer 15

An element with a different number of neutrons

Question 16

what is an ion?

Answer 16

an atom that has lost or gained an electron

Question 17

how did John Newlands order the periodic table?

Answer 17

KNOWN elements in order of atomic weight&raquo_space; notices patterns, but missing elements caused problems

Question 18

What did Dimitri Mendeleev realise?

Answer 18

That some elements were yet to be discovered

Question 19

what did Dimitri Mendeleev do?

Answer 19

LEFT GAPS for elements that were yet to be discovered

Question 20

When subatomic particles were discovered, what was it revealed that Mendeleev had done?

Answer 20

Ordered them in increasing number of protons (atomic number)

Question 21

What are group 0 elements called?

Answer 21

Noble Gases

Question 22

What are group 1 elements called?

Answer 22

Alkali metals

Question 23

What are group 7 elements called?

Answer 23

Halogens

Question 24

Noble Gases…

Answer 24

Full outer shell
Very stable and unreactive
Boiling points INCREASE as you go down group

Question 25

Alkali Metals...

Answer 25

1 electron in outer shell LOW melting and boiling points >> DECREASE as you go down Become MORE reactive as you go down

Question 26

Why do alkali metals become more reactive as you go down?

Answer 26

Outer electron gets further away from influence of nucleus, so it can be lost more easily

Question 27

What are alkali metals stored under? Why?

Answer 27

Oil >> react vigorously with oxygen and water (even moisture in air)

Question 28

When alkali metals react with water, what is given off and what is formed?

Answer 28

Hydrogen gas given off, a metal hydroxide formed

Question 29

Group 1 - low or high density?

Answer 29

Low

Question 30

Alkali metals react with non metals to form...

Answer 30

Ionic compounds

Question 31

When a metal hydroxide is dissolved in water, what is produced?

Answer 31

an alkaline solution

Question 32

Halogens...

Answer 32

7 electrons in outer shell Pairs of atoms Reactivity decreases down the group Boiling and melting point INCREASE as you go down

Question 33

Why do halogens become less reactive as you go down?

Answer 33

Outer shell get further away from the influence of the nucleus, so it is less easy to gain an electron

Question 34

Halogens react with metals to produce....

Answer 34

ionic salts

Question 35

A more reactive halogen will displace a less reactive halogen...

Answer 35

From an aqueous solution of its salts

Question 36

What do transition metals form?

Answer 36

Coloured compunds

Question 37

Transition metals have ions...

Answer 37

With different charges eg - Fe2+ & Fe3+

Question 38

What can transition metals be used as?

Answer 38

Ctatalysts

Question 39

Properties of Transition metals

Answer 39

Good conductors of heat Good conductors of electricity Can easily be bent or hammered into shape

Question 40

What kind of force of attraction between IONIC COMPOUNDS?

Answer 40

STRONG ELECTROSTATIC FORCES

Question 41

Ionic bonding includes..

Answer 41

A metal and a non-metal

Question 42

Properties of ionic compounds?

Answer 42

STRONG ELECTROSTATIC FORCES HIGH melting and boiling points DO NOT conduct electricity when solid >> ions cannot move DO conduct electricity when MOLTEN >> charges ions are free to move about and carry their charge

Question 43

What is a metallic bond?

Answer 43

The attraction between positive ions and delocalised electrons

Question 44

Why are metals good conductors?

Answer 44

They have FREE DELOCALISED ELECTRONS which are FREE TO CARRY THEIR CHARGE

Question 45

Uses and properties of aluminium

Answer 45

High voltage power cables, furniture, drinks cans, foil food wrap Corrosion resistant, DUCTILE, MALLEABLE, good conductivity, low density

Question 46

Uses and properties of Copper

Answer 46

wires, water pipes, cooking equipment | DUCTILE, MALLEABLE, good conductivity

Question 47

Uses and properties of gold

Answer 47

jewellery, electrical junctions | DUCTILE, shiny, good conductivity

Question 48

What does malleable mean

Answer 48

can be easily bent or hammered into shape

Question 49

What does ductile mean?

Answer 49

can be easily bent or hammered into shape

Question 50

Covalent bond occurs between...

Answer 50

2 non metals

Question 51

What is a covalent bond

Answer 51

a shared pair of electrons between atoms

Question 52

A property of covalent bonds

Answer 52

very strong