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Chemistry Perio Flashcards

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1
Q

Single bonded carbon and hydrogen atoms, they are also known as saturated hydrocarbons

A

Alkanes

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2
Q

2 Sources of Alkanes

A
  1. By adding hydrogen to unsaturated organic molecules
  2. Extracted from crude oil and natural gas
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3
Q

3 Uses of Alkanes

A
  1. PRIMARILY for fuels (methane, propane, octane)
  2. Lubricants (machine oil)
  3. Road surfaces (bitumen)
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4
Q

A class of hydrocarbons that have a ring like structure

A

Cycloalkanes

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5
Q

Considered to be one of the smallest cycloalkanes and are more stable in nature

A

Cyclopropane

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6
Q

8 Uses of Cycloalkanes

A
  1. As organic solvent in the production of drugs
  2. Manufacturing of hair products and in food industries
  3. Cyclopropane is used as an anesthetic agent
  4. Carboplatin (derived from cyclobutane) is used to treat cancers
  5. Used in petroleum Industries
  6. Used for pigmentation purposes
  7. As fragrances in perfume manufacturing
  8. Found in the tissues of plants and animals as steroids
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7
Q

Compounds that have the same molecular formula but different molecular structures

A

Structural Isomers

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8
Q

(T/F) Structural Isomers have same properties

A

FALSE

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9
Q

A systematic way of naming compounds

A

Nomenclature

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10
Q

What is the meaning of IUPAC

A

International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry

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11
Q

Also called as Olefin, it contains c to c double bonds and are more reactive than alkanes

A

Alkenes

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12
Q

The simplest alkene obtained from refining petroleum

A

Ethylene

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13
Q

It is a gas with a sweet odor

A

Ethylene

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14
Q

An important material for the chemical industry. When these molecules are linked together, it produces polyethylene (soda bottles and milk jugs)

A

Ethylene

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15
Q

(T/F) Cis isomers lie on opposite sides of the double bond

A

FALSE

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16
Q

Contains c to c triple bonds, they are also called unsaturated hydrocarbons

A

Alkynes

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17
Q

The simplest alkyne, it is a linear molecule

A

Acetylene (ethyne)

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18
Q

A reactive gas used to produce a variety of other compounds

A

Acetylene

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19
Q

It is produced commercially for methane

A

Acetylene

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20
Q

Burns with oxygen in oxyacetylene torches to give a very hot flame (3000 C)

A

Acetylene

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21
Q

It is derived from the chemical degradation of fats and oils

A

Aliphatic

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22
Q

Contains substances from the result of the chemical degradation of certain plant extracts. Sometimes referred to as arenes. It also contains benzene rings or derivatives of benzene

A

Aromatic

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23
Q

Six membered rings of carbon atoms with alternating c to c double and single bonds

A

Benzene rings

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24
Q

(T/F) Benzene rings are a transparent volatile liquid discovered by Michael Faraday in 1830

A

FALSE

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25
A derivative of benzene that was the first commercial antiseptic
Phenol
26
It replaced benzene as a solvent because it is much less toxic
Toluene
27
These are two or more benzene rings that are fused together
Condensed Ring Structures
28
Refers to the study of the structure, properties, compositions, reactions and preparation of carbon containing compounds.
Organic Chemistry
29
(T/F) Organic Chemistry was first limited to compounds produced by living organisms but has since been broadened to include human made substances
TRUE
30
Give the 6 applications of organic chemistry
1. Pharmaceuticals 2. Petrochemicals 3. Food 4. Explosives 5. Paints 6. Cosmetics
31
Specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules.
Functional Groups
32
(T/F) Functional Groups determines the characteristics and chemical reactivity of molecules
TRUE
33
Also known as hydroxyl functional group
ALCOHOL
34
An oxygen atom bonded to a hydrogen atom
ALCOHOL
35
(T/F) Alcohols have boiling points higher than alkanes of comparable molar mass
TRUE
36
It is formed as a byproduct of charcoal that is made by heating wood in the absence of air.
Methanol
37
4 Uses of Methanol
Used in jet fuels and as a solvent, gasoline additive and starting material for industrial synthesis.
38
Produced annually in the US from synthesis gas (mixture of CO and H)
Methanol
39
The most common alcohol made by fermenting sugar or grain
Ethanol
40
made by the reaction of ethylene with water, using sulfuric acid as a catalyst
Industrial Ethanol
41
An oxygen atom forming a bridge between two different part of a molecule
ETHER
42
A carbon double bonded to oxygen and bonded to hydrogen.
ALDEHYDE
43
Aldehydes with pleasant odors/aromas. Found in almonds (Benzaldehyde), vanilla (vanillin), beans and cinnamon (cinnamaldehyde)
Aromatic Aldehydes
44
A carbon atom double bonded to an oxygen atom, a bridge between two other parts of a molecule
KETONES
45
The simplest ketone
acetone (propanone)
46
An ester where R is a hydrogen atom
CARBOXYLIC ACID
47
the simplest aromatic carboxylic acid.
Benzoic Acid
48
A product of the neutralization of a carboxylic acid with a strong base.
Carboxylic Acid Salts
49
What is Sodium Propionate used in
cheese and breads
50
What is Sodium Benzoate used in
inhibits the growth of mold and bacteria and is added to fruit juices, margarine, relishes, salads and jams
51
What is Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) used in
added to meats, fish, vegetables and baked goods to enhance flavor.
52
Are ionic compounds with strong attractive forces between ions
Carboxylic Acid Salts
53
A bridge group consisting of a carbonyl connected to an ether. They are found in fats and oil
ESTER
54
They are responsible for the fragrance and flavors of many fruits and flowers (e.g. bananas, oranges and strawberries)
ESTER
55
The reaction of a carboxylic acid and alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst to produce an ester.
Esterification
56
Derivative of ammonia where one or more of the hydrogen atoms are replaced.
AMINE
57
(T/F) Amides are basic
FALSE
58
What are the classifications of Amines
Primary, Secondary, Tertiary
59
Why do primary and secondary amines have higher boiling points than tertiary amines?
tertiary amines cannot form hydrogen bonds
60
Fourth most common atom in living systems
Nitrogen
61
Important component of the structure of nucleic acids, DNA and RNA and the function of proteins
Nitrogen
62
Formed in a reaction between a carboxylic acid and amine
AMIDES
63
Why do amides have high boiling points?
because of the hydrogen bonding between the N-H bond and the C=O group
64
What is thiol also known as?
sulfhydryl functional group
65
Similar to the hydroxyl group except the oxygen atom is replaced by a sulfur atom.
THIOL
66
A common ring group, it is a benzene ring where one hydrogen is replaced by R
PHENYL
67
What is the abbreviation used in structures and formulas to denote Phenol?
Ph

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