Chemistry Reactions

Question 1

Magnesium

Answer 1

Mg+ Calmagite-Mg complex

Question 2

Phosphorus

Answer 2

Phosphorus+ ammonium molybdate–>phosphoolybdenum

Question 3

Bilirubin (Jendrassik Groff)

Answer 3

Bilirubin+Sodium acetate+caffeine-sodium benzoate (alcohol)+diatonized sulfanilic acid–>blue-green azobilirubin (high pH)

Question 4

Bilirubin (Evelyn-Malloy)

Answer 4

Bilirubin+Sodium acetate+caffeine-sodium benzoate (alcohol)+diatonized sulfanilic acid–>blue-green azobilirubin (low pH)

Question 5

Direct Bili

Answer 5

Same as total but with accelerants: caffeine or methanol

Question 6

Urobilinogen (Ehrlich’s aldehyde reaction)

Answer 6

Urobili + p-dimethyl aminobenzaldehyde–>red complex

Question 7

Biuret

Answer 7

Cupric ions + peptide bonds–>(alk solution)–>purple

Question 8

Cholesterol

Answer 8

1) Cholesterol ester+H2O–>(cholesterol esterase)–>cholesterol +FA
2) Cholesterol + O2–>(cholesterol oxidase)–>cholest-4-en-3-one+H2O2
3) H2O2 + phenol + 4 aminoantipyrine–>(peroxidase)–>quinoneimine dye + 2H2O

Question 9

Tryglyceride (Reference method)

Answer 9

1) Triglyceride + 3 H2O–>(Lipase)–>Glycerol + 3FA
2) Glycerol _ NalO4–>Formaldehyde + Formic Acid
3) Formaldehyde + sulfuric acid solution of chromotropic acid–>pink chromophore

Question 10

Triglyceride (enzymatic, commonly used)

Answer 10

1) Triglyceride + 3 H2O–>(Lipase)–>Glycerol + 3FA
2) Glycerol + ATP–>(Glycerol kinase)–> Glycerol-3-phosphate +ADP
3) Glycerol-3-phosphate+O2–>(Glycerol phosphate oxidase) dihydroxyacetone-phosphate + H2O2
4) H2O2 + dye –>(peroxidase)–>colored product + H2O

Question 11

Glucose (Reference method:HK)

Answer 11

1) Glucose + ATP–>(HK)–> G6P+ ADP

2) G6P+ NADP+–>6-phospho-gluconate+NADPH

Question 12

Glucose oxidase

Answer 12

1) b-glucose + O2–>(glucose oxidase)–>d-glucono-delta-lactone+H2O2
2) H2O2+dye–>(peroxidase)–>oxidized color +H2O

Question 13

BUN (Berthelot’s reaction)

Answer 13

1) Urea+2H2O+H+–>(urease)–>(NH4)2CO3+H+–>2NH4+HCO3-
2) NH4+OH—>NH3+H2O
3) NH3+NaOCl+2phenol–>indol phenol

Question 14

BUN (Fearon’s reaction

Answer 14

1) diacetyl monoxime + H2O–>diacetyl +hydroxylamine

2) diacetyl + urea (acid medium)–> diazine derivative

Question 15

Uric Acid (Carraway Method)

Answer 15

Uric Acid + phosphotungstic acid + O2–>allantoin+CO2+tungsten blue

Question 16

Uric Acid (Most common:uricase method)

Answer 16

Uric Acid–>(uricase)–>allantoin+CO2+H2O2

Question 17

Creatinine (Jaffe method)

Answer 17

Creatinine+picric acid(colorless)–>creatinine picrate(red @ 485nm)

Question 18

Creatinine (Enzymatic)

Answer 18

1) Creatinine+H2O–>(creatinine aidohydrolase)–>creatine
2) Creatine+H2O–>creatinine amidohydrolase)–>sarcosine + urea
3) Sarcosine + O2 (sarcosine oxidase)–>glycine + formaldehyde+H2O2
4) H2O2+dye–>(peroxidase)–>colored dye+H2O

Question 19

CK (Rosalki Oliver)

Answer 19

1) Creatine phosphate+ADP–>(HK)–>Creatinine + ATP
2) ATP+glucose–>(HK)–>G6P+ADP
G6P+NADP+–>(G6PD)–>6phosphogluconate+NADPH

Question 20

AST

Answer 20

1) Aspartate +a-ketoglutarate–>(AST)–>oxaloacetate + glutamate
2) Oxaloacetate +NADPH–>(malate dehydrogenase)–>malate + NAD+

Question 21

ALT

Answer 21

1) Alanine + a-ketoglutarate–>(ALT)–>pyruvate+glutamate

2) Pyruvate + NADH–> (LD)–> lactate+NAD+

Question 22

ALP

Answer 22

p nitrophenylphosphate–>(ALP)–>p-nitrophenol (yellow) + PO4- (alk pH)

Question 23

ACP

Answer 23

p nitrophenylphosphate–>(ACP)–>p-nitrophenol (yellow) + PO4- (ph5)

Question 24

GGT

Answer 24

g-glutamyl-p-nitroanilide+glycylglycine–>(GGT)–>g-glutamyl-glycl-glycine + p-nitroaniline

Question 25

Lipase

Answer 25

Trig+2H2O-->(Lipase)-->2monoglyceride +2FA

Question 26

G6PD

Answer 26

G6P+NADP+-->(G6PD)-->6phosphogluconate+NADPH

Question 27

LD

Answer 27

Lactate+NADP+-->(LD)-->Pyruvate+NADPH