Chemistry S2 Final

Question 1

What factors affect reaction rates?

Answer 1

Temp (T), Concentration ( [ ] ), Particle Size, Catalyst

Question 2

What factors affect equilibrium?

Answer 2

T, [ ]

Question 3

What factors affect Keq

Answer 3

T

Question 4

Is a spontaneous reaction always fast?

Answer 4

No, it will just happen naturally

Question 5

Describe how a catalyst increases reaction rates

Answer 5

Lowers the Activation Energy

Question 6

Describe how increasing temperature increases reaction rates

Answer 6

Increases of the number and energy of frequencies

Question 7

Describe how increasing concentration increases reaction rates

Answer 7

Increases # of collisions

Question 8

Describe how decreasing particle size increases reaction rates

Answer 8

Increases the surface area

Question 9

Keq = ??

Answer 9

Products / Reactants

Question 10

Avogadro’s Number

Answer 10

6.02 x 10^23

Question 11

What Keq is thermodynamically favorable

Answer 11

Keq > 1

Question 12

Relationship between pOH and pH

Answer 12

14 = pOH + pH

Question 13

Relationship between pOH and [OH-]

Answer 13

pOH = - log [OH-]
[OH-] = 10^-(pOH)

Question 14

What are the four indications (signs) a chemical reactions might have happened?

Answer 14

Change in color, different state, produced solid (precipitation), temp. change.

Question 15

What are the four “driving forces” of a chemical reaction? (not enthalpy and entropy)

Answer 15

Formation of Solid, formation of water, transfer of electrons (redox), formation of a gas

Question 16

Enthalpy

Answer 16

Sum of a thermodynamic system’s energy

Question 17

Entropy

Answer 17

State of disorder or randomness

Question 18

What two compounds are always produced in a combustion reaction?

Answer 18

CO2 + H2O

Question 19

Which reactions are redox?

Answer 19

Almost anything that isn’t double replacement

Question 20

Dissolve

Answer 20

Go into solution

Question 21

Dissociate

Answer 21

Break apart into separate atoms or ions

Question 22

Ionize

Answer 22

Break apart into separate ions

Question 23

Double Replacement

Answer 23

Two ionic compounds in an aqueous solution. Ions swap partners

Question 24

Decomposition

Answer 24

A single reactant breaks into two or more products

Question 25

Synthesis

Answer 25

Two or more reactants become one product

Question 26

Combustion

Answer 26

A fuel (usually a hydrocarbon) reacts with oxygen to form CO2 and H2O

Question 27

Oxidation state calculations

Answer 27

Oxygen is negative. Calculate the rest of the "fake charges"

Question 28

Endo(thermic) reaction

Answer 28

Gain of energy (requires heat), Hrxn is positive, "feels" cold

Question 29

Exo(thermic) reaction

Answer 29

Loss of energy (gives off heat), Hrxn is negative, "feels" hot

Question 30

Breaking bonds is (exo/endo)?

Answer 30

Endo

Question 31

Water heat capacity

Answer 31

4.18 J / g * K

Question 32

Thermochem equations

Answer 32

q = C * m * ∆T ∆G⁰ = ∆H⁰ - T * ∆S⁰

Question 33

As temperature decreases, pressure...

Answer 33

decreases

Question 34

As the number of gas particles increases, pressure...

Answer 34

increases

Question 35

As the volume of a container decreases, pressure...

Answer 35

increases

Question 36

As the temperature decreases, volume...

Answer 36

decreases

Question 37

(T or F) A gas made up of large particles will behave more like an ideal gas than one made up of small particles

Answer 37

False (F)

Question 38

(T or F) A gas will behave more like an ideal gas as temperature lowers near the point of condensation.

Answer 38

False (F)

Question 39

Colligative Properties Equation(s)

Answer 39

PV = nRT P1V1=P2V2 V1/T1 = V2/T2

Question 40

Rate of Effusion formula

Answer 40

Rate of A / Rate of B = Sqrt ( MM B ) ( MM A )

Question 41

Molality

Answer 41

Mol of Solute / kg of solute

Question 42

Molarity

Answer 42

Mol of Solute / L of solute

Question 43

Mole fraction

Answer 43

mol / total moles

Question 44

Volotile

Answer 44

ability to evaporate

Question 45

Electrolyte

Answer 45

ionic compound

Question 46

Vapor pressure

Answer 46

Pressure of the gas phase above the liquid phase

Question 47

Boiling Point Freezing Point

Answer 47

Increases Decreases

Question 48

R =

Answer 48

R = 0.0821 L * atm * mol^-1 * K^-1

Question 49

Radioactive

Answer 49

Undergoes spontaneous nuclear decay

Question 50

Half Life

Answer 50

Time it takes for half a sample of radioactive nuclei to decay

Question 51

Fusion

Answer 51

Combining to light nuclei to form a heavier nuclei

Question 52

Fission

Answer 52

Splitting one heavy nucleus into two nuclei with smaller mass numbers

Question 53

Critical Mass

Answer 53

Amount of radioactive material necessary for fission to occur

Question 54

Alpha Particle

Answer 54

4 2 He

Question 55

Beta Particle

Answer 55

0 -1 e

Question 56

Gamma Particle

Answer 56

0 0 Y

Question 57

Positron

Answer 57

0 1 e

Question 58

Neutron

Answer 58

1 0 n

Question 59

Last stable element

Answer 59

Bismuth (83)