Chemistry SOL Vocab and Formula's

Question 0

Density Formula

Answer 0

Density = Mass
______
Volume

Question 1

Percent Error

Answer 1

True - Observed x 100
_____________________ (error is
True absolute so it Cannot be negative)

Question 2

Percent Yield

Answer 2

Observed x 100
_________
True

Question 3

Independent Variable

Answer 3

The variable that the experimenter plans to change

Question 4

Dependent Variable

Answer 4

What changes as a result of the experiment

Question 5

Control

Answer 5

The standard that is used for comparison

Question 6

Constants

Answer 6

The parts of the experiment that do not vary

Question 7

Molarity formula

Answer 7

Molarity (M) = Moles of solute
_______________
Liters of solution

Question 8

Accuracy

Answer 8

How close to True Value

Question 9

Precision

Answer 9

Getting the same outcome over and over again

Question 10

Reliability

Answer 10

Using the same tools/equipment every time

Question 11

(Significant Digits) Leading 0

Answer 11

Never Significant

Question 12

Sandwich 0

Answer 12

Always significant

Question 13

Trailing 0

Answer 13

Only if decimal in problem

Question 14

Add or Subtract

Answer 14

Lowest # of decimal places

Question 15

Multiply or Divide

Answer 15

Lowest # of Sig Digits

Question 16

Basic Units of Measurement :

Length
Volume
Mass
Temperature
Time

Answer 16

Length - meters (m)

Volume - milliliters (mL) or cubic centimeters (cm^3)

Mass - Grams (g)

Temperature = degrees Celsius (C) or Kelvin (K)

Time = seconds (s)

Question 17

Prefixes (Milli, Centi, Deci, Kilo)

Answer 17

Milli - 1/1000

Centi - 1/100

Deci - 1/10

Kilo - 1000

Question 18

Dalton

Answer 18

Father of the modern atomic atomic theory - thought atom looked like a solid sphere

Question 19

Thomson

Answer 19

Cathode Ray Tube experiment - Proved that electrons, smaller particles than atoms, exist - led to plum pudding model of atom where charged are scattered all over atom

Question 20

Milikan

Answer 20

Oil Drop Experiment - Discovered mass and charge of electron

Question 21

Rutherford

Answer 21

Gold Foil Experiment - Determined that atoms are mostly empty space with small, dense nucleus at the center

Question 22

Bohr

Answer 22

Planetary model of atom where electrons orbit nucleus in energy levels

                                            OR

Electrons occupy an energy level

Question 23

The Quantum Mechanical Model

Answer 23

Model of the atom that we us today

Question 24

Planck

Answer 24

Matter can gain or lose energy in small specific amounts = Quantum Theory of Energy

Question 25

de Broglie

Answer 25

Electrons act as both waves and particles

Question 26

Heisenburg

Answer 26

Uncertainty Principle - Can't predict both speed and location of electron at the same time because they act like both particles and waves

Question 27

Isotope

Answer 27

Same number of protons but different number of neutrons

Question 28

Ion

Answer 28

Same number of protons but different number of electrons

Question 29

Half life

Answer 29

The amount of time for half the atoms in a sample to decay

Question 30

Fission

Answer 30

Splitting atoms, releases neutrons, makes heat

Question 31

Fusion

Answer 31

Putting together small atoms to make bigger ones, makes lots of heat (the sun)

Question 32

Alpha Particle (Mass, Charge, And Composition, Shielding)

Answer 32

Mass: 4 Charge: +2 Composition: 2P + 2N Shielding: Paper/ skin

Question 33

Beta

Answer 33

Mass: 0 Charge: -1 Composition: Electron Shielding: Few sheets of aluminum foil

Question 34

Gamma

Answer 34

Mass: 0 Charge: 0 Composition: Energy Shielding: Concrete or several cm of lead

Question 35

When balancing nuclear equations, what two properties must be conserved

Answer 35

Mass and Charge

Question 36

Aufbau Principle

Answer 36

Electrons go in lowest energy level and sub level first

Question 37

Hund's Rule

Answer 37

Each orbital in a sub level must be full before doubling up

Question 38

Pauli Exclusion Principle

Answer 38

The two electrons in each orbital have opposite spins

Question 39

Atomic Radius

Answer 39

Distance from nucleus to valence electrons (biggest = Francium)

Question 40

Electronegativity

Answer 40

Ability of atom to attract electrons from another atom | most electrongativity = Fluorine

Question 41

Ionization Energy

Answer 41

Energy required to remove an electron from an atom | most ionization energy = Helium

Question 42

Metal Reactivity

Answer 42

(most reactive metal = Francium)

Question 43

NonMetal Reactivity

Answer 43

(Most reactive Nonmetal = Fluorine)

Question 44

Ionic Compound

Answer 44

Metal + Nonmetal; Transfer electrons; soluble in water, conductors, high melting point

Question 45

Covalent/Molecular compound

Answer 45

Nonmetal + Nonmetal; share electrons; insoluble in water, non conductors, low melting point.

Question 46

Alcohol

Answer 46

-OH

Question 47

Ether

Answer 47

-O-

Question 48

Carboxylic Acid

Answer 48

-C-OH

Question 49

Ketone

Answer 49

-C-

Question 50

Ester

Answer 50

-C-O-

Question 51

Aldehyde

Answer 51

-C-H

Question 52

Amine

Answer 52

-NH2

Question 53

Amide

Answer 53

-C-NH2

Question 54

STP

Answer 54

0 C = 273K 1atm = 760torr = 760mmHg = 101.3kPa

Question 55

(Gas Laws) Boyle's Law

Answer 55

Inverse relationship between Pressure and Volume

Question 56

Charles' Law

Answer 56

Direct Relationship between Volume and Temperature (V/T)

Question 57

Gay-Lussac's Law

Answer 57

Direct Relationship between Pressure and Temperature (P/T)

Question 58

Dalton's Law of Partial Pressure

Answer 58

Ptotal = P1 + P2 + P3....

Question 59

Hydrochloric Acid

Answer 59

HCl

Question 60

Sulfuric Acid

Answer 60

H2SO4

Question 61

Nitric Acid

Answer 61

HNO3

Question 62

Phosphoric Acid

Answer 62

H3PO4

Question 63

Acids

Answer 63

pH less than 7

Question 64

Bases

Answer 64

pH more than 7

Question 65

Triple point

Answer 65

Place where all 3 phases coexist

Question 66

Critical Point

Answer 66

Temperature where only gas phase exist

Question 67

Diatomic Molecules

Answer 67

Br2 I2 N2 Cl2 H2 O2 F2 | Brinclhof

Question 68

Proton (Mass, Charge, Location)

Answer 68

Mass: 1 amu Charge: +1 Location: Nucleus

Question 69

Neutron (Mass, Charge, Location)

Answer 69

Mass: 1 amu Charge: 0 Location: Nucleus

Question 70

Electron (Mass, charge, and Location)

Answer 70

Mass: 0 amu Charge: -1 Location: Energy Levels

Question 71

Two Main Aspects of an Atom are the

Answer 71

Nucleus and energy Levels

Question 72

An Electron dot diagram consist of what two things?

Answer 72

Element Symbol + Valance electrons represented by dots

Question 73

In isotopic notation of atoms the number in the upper left refers to the ____________ and the number in the lower left refers to __________ 14 C 6

Answer 73

1: Atomic Mass 2: Number of Protons

Question 74

How would a electron become more stable?

Answer 74

The closer it is to the nucleus the more stable it becomes

Question 75

Six ways to separate a mixture

Answer 75

Filtration Evaporation Distillation Decanting Chromatography Centrifuging

Question 76

Filtration

Answer 76

Separating out by size of Particles

Question 77

Evaporation

Answer 77

Separation by phase change (Liquid + Solid)

Question 78

Distillation

Answer 78

Separation based on boiling point (Liquid + Liquid)

Question 79

Decanting

Answer 79

Pouring

Question 80

Chromatography

Answer 80

Separating pigments

Question 81

Centrifuging

Answer 81

Separation by spinning (Separates by density)

Question 82

Physical Property

Answer 82

an aspect of matter that can be observed or measured without changing it

Question 83

Chemical Property

Answer 83

An aspect of matter that can be observed by the chemical identity of a substance

Question 84

Physical Change

Answer 84

You can get the substance back

Question 85

Chemical Change

Answer 85

You can't get the substance Back

Question 86

Hydrogen gas is a combination of what

Answer 86

Acid + Metal