chemistry terms

Question 1

4 most abundant elements in living organisms

Answer 1

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen

Question 2

functions & examples for the 4 biomolecules

Answer 2

carbohydrates: vital part of healthy diet
proteins: polymers of amino acid residues
nucleic acids: macromolecules in cells & viruses
lipids: protection, insulation, storage

Question 3

function for atp

Answer 3

store & transfer energy in cells

Question 4

differences between saturated & unsaturated fats

Answer 4

saturated: single chem. bonds, from animals, solid
unsaturated: one or more double bonds, from plants, liquid

Question 5

which fat is unhealthy

Answer 5

saturated fats

Question 6

structure of a phospholipid and significance in body

Answer 6

looks like a balloon/mattress spring ; helps the cell membrane function

Question 7

smaller units that join together to make a protein

Answer 7

amino acids

Question 8

monosaccharide

Answer 8

simple sugars composed of one sugar unit

Question 9

disaccharide

Answer 9

composed of 2 sugar units

Question 10

polysaccharide

Answer 10

composed of many sugar units

Question 11

glycogen

Answer 11

storage form of glucose in animals

Question 12

starch

Answer 12

storage form of glucose in plants

Question 13

triglyceride

Answer 13

type of fat found in your blood

Question 14

protein

Answer 14

makes up body’s structure, forms enzymes

Question 15

lipid

Answer 15

protects, insulates, and stores

Question 16

carbohydrate

Answer 16

the body’s primary energy source

Question 17

enzyme

Answer 17

chemical that speeds up a chemical reaction

Question 18

ion

Answer 18

atoms with a charge

Question 19

ionic bonding

Answer 19

can donate or accept electrons from another atom, opposite charged ions attract

Question 20

covalent bonding

Answer 20

can share electrons in outer shell

Question 21

hydrogen bond

Answer 21

type of polar covalent bond between H atoms & other atoms

Question 22

pH

Answer 22

the concentration of H+ in a solution

Question 23

acid

Answer 23

has pH<7, has more H+ than OH- present

Question 24

neutral

Answer 24

pH=7, equal amounts of H+ & OH- present

Question 25

base

Answer 25

pH>7, has more OH- than H+ present

Question 26

buffer

Answer 26

chemical that resists changes in pH

Question 27

atomic number

Answer 27

number of a chemical element in the periodic system

Question 28

atomic mass

Answer 28

average mass of atoms in an element