Chemistry Test 2

Question 1

What are the charges for transition metals (groups 3-12)?

Answer 1

they can have multiple charges

Question 2

How do you show the value of a transition’s metals ionic charge in nomenclature?

Answer 2

the roman numeral of the charge in parenthesis after the metal’s name

Question 3

The characteristics of a substance that do not involve a chemical change.

Examples: density, color of it, hardness

Answer 3

Physical properties

Question 4

Describes a substance’s chemical reactivity (ability to do something)

Examples: burn, ability to rust, decompose, to be flammable

Answer 4

Chemical property

Question 5

Changes that do not alter its chemical composition (Can I go back to my original substance?)

Examples: ice melting, water freezing, dissolving salt in water

Answer 5

Physical Change

Question 6

Alter the chemical compostition and forms one or morenew substances.

Examples: sterling silver collecting tarnish, dough baking in the oven, cooking stuff

Answer 6

Chemical change or Chemical reaction

Question 7

A rearrangement of atoms in which atoms of the original bonds are broken and new ones are formed to give a different chemical structure.

Answer 7

Chemical Reaction

Question 8

What is a basic formula for a chemical reation?

Answer 8

A + B → C + D

reactants products

Question 9

Name some evidence of chemical reactions.

Answer 9

color changes

odor changes

gas bubbles form

solid particles called parcipitate form in a solution

heat is produced or absorbed

Question 10

When is a chemical equation balanced?

Answer 10

when the number of atoms on each element on the left side of the equation equals the number on the right side

Question 11

What are rules for balancing equations?

Answer 11

you cannot change supscripts; you can only place numbers (coefficients) in front of the chemical formulas to balance the number of atoms

Question 12

What is the rule for balancing polyatomics?

Answer 12

they stay intact during the reaction and you balance them as a unit

Question 13

What does all chemical reactions involve?

Answer 13

a change in energy

Question 14

What has to happen to break bonds?

Answer 14

energy must be absorbed

Question 15

What has to happen to form bonds?

Answer 15

energy has to be released

Question 16

Energy is absorbed or released in the form of what?

Answer 16

light, heat, electrical energy, or sound

Question 17

When a net release of energy to the surroundings occurs in a reaction.

Answer 17

exothermic reaction

Question 18

a net absorbtion of energy from the suroundings occurs.

Answer 18

endothermic reaction

Question 19

What is the energy necessary to start a chemical reaction is called?

Answer 19

activation energy

Question 20

To react, what must the molecules (or atoms or ions) do?

Answer 20

They must collide in the proper orientation and with enough kinectic energy to break bonds

Question 22

What is an atomic mass unit (amu)?

Answer 22

one amu is the mass unit of equal to exactly 1/12 the mass of a C-12 atom

Question 23

The sum of the atomic weights (in amu) of all the atoms in a compound.

Answer 23

formula weight

Question 24

Calculated just like formula weight, but the term is only correct when strictly reerring to molecular (covalent) compounds

Answer 24

molecular weight

Question 25

A reaction of at least 2 substances that forms a new compound. Show the formula.

Answer 25

synthesis formula A + B → AB \* synthesis reactions always join substances

Question 26

A reaction where a compoundbreaks down into at least 2 parts. Show the formula.

Answer 26

Decomposition Reaction AB → A + B

Question 27

A reaction in which a hydrocarbon and oxygen burn to form carbon dioxide and water. Show the formula.

Answer 27

Combustion Reaction A + O₂ → CO₂ + H₂O

Question 28

A reaction in which atoms of one element take the place of atoms of another element in a compound. Show the formula.

Answer 28

Single Replacement Reaction AX + B → BX + A

Question 29

A reaction in which there is an exchange of ions between two compounds. Show the formula.

Answer 29

Double Replacement Reaction AX + BY → AY + BX

Question 30

The SI unit used to measure the amount of substances (usually ions, atoms, or molecules) in terms of weight.

Answer 30

Mole (mol) 6.02 X 10²³ is a mole

Question 31

What is Avogradro's Number?

Answer 31

the amount of substance that contains the same number of atoms as there are in exactly 12 grams of C-12 6.02 X 10²³

Question 32

There are 6.02 X 10²³ atoms of Cu in 1 mol of Cu, and 1 mole of Cu wieghs 63.55g (same for all other elements)

Answer 32

Mass relationship

Question 33

mass of one mole of a substance

Answer 33

molar mass

Question 34

the substances being dissolved

Answer 34

solute

Question 35

present in the loargest amount; what the substance is being dissolve in

Answer 35

solvent

Question 36

quantity of solute in a solution

Answer 36

concentration

Question 37

when the solute is low

Answer 37

dilute

Question 38

solute concentration is high

Answer 38

concentration

Question 39

The number of mol of solute dissolved in 1 liter of solution

Answer 39

molar connection or molarity

Question 40

What is the Equation for molarity?

Answer 40

Molarity = _mol of solute_ liter of solution M = _mol_ L

Question 41

Describe acids.

Answer 41

disolve in water conduct electricity taste sour react w/ metals and release H₂ gas change litmus paper from blue to red

Question 42

Acids are either strong or weak depending on what in the solution?

Answer 42

Degree of dissociation

Question 43

Acids that completely disolve in a solvent

Answer 43

strong acids

Question 44

Acids that only partially ionize in a solvent

Answer 44

Weak acids

Question 45

The method of expressing the degree of acidity of a solution

Answer 45

pH

Question 46

Means that a change of one pH unit represents a change in H+ concentration by factor of 10

Answer 46

a log scale

Question 47

What does a pH Scale range from?

Answer 47

0-14

Question 48

What is considered basic, acidic, or neutral.

Answer 48

pH \< acidic pH = neutral pH \> basic

Question 49

A substance in aqueous solution that ionizes to form hydrogen ions, H⁺, hydronium ions, H₃O⁺

Answer 49

Arrhenius definition of an acid

Question 50

What kind of bonds does carbon atoms nearly always form?

Answer 50

strong covalent bonds

Question 51

What contains carbon and hydrogen, but may also contain many other elements such as O, N, S, P, and the halogens?

Answer 51

Organic Compounds

Question 52

What are the simplest class of organic compounds called?

Answer 52

hydrocarbons

Question 53

What 3 categories can hydrocarbons be classified in?

Answer 53

alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes

Question 54

What is the simplest hydrocarbon with carbon atoms connected by single bonds called?

Answer 54

alkenes

Question 55

What is the molecular formula for alkanes?

Answer 55

C_nH_2n+n

Question 56

What is the class of hydrocarbons that contain at least one double bond between carbon atoms?

Answer 56

alkenes

Question 57

What is the molecular formula of alkenes?

Answer 57

C_nH_2n

Question 58

What is the hydrocarbon class that contain at least one triple bond between carbon atoms called?

Answer 58

alkynes

Question 59

What is the moleculor formula of alkynes?

Answer 59

C_nH_2n-2

Question 60

Carbon compounds that form ring structures or ring compounds are called what?

Answer 60

aromatic hydrocarbons

Question 61

Name some aromatic compounds.

Answer 61

Cyclopropane, cyclobutane, cyclopentane, and cyclohexane

Question 62

name the prefixes for 1 - 8

Answer 62

1 - meth 2 - eth 3 - pro 4 - but 5 - pent 6 - hex 7 - hept 8 - oct

Question 63

What are organic compounds that can contain certain common groups of elements called?

Answer 63

functional groups