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Science 2024 > Chemistry Test Y10 2024 > Flashcards

Chemistry Test Y10 2024 Flashcards

(68 cards)

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1
Q

What is an element?

A

An element is a type of atom. They cannot be broken down.

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2
Q

What is an atom?

A

Tiny structures that have protons, neutrons, and electrons. They make up everything.

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3
Q

What are the signs that a chemical reaction has occurred?

A

Change in colour, odour, production of new gases, cannot reverse, release of energy

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4
Q

What is the charge of an electron?

A

Negative, -1

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5
Q

What is the charge of a neutron?

A

Neutral, 0

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6
Q

What is the charge of a proton?

A

Positive, +1

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7
Q

Where are protons located?

A

Nucleus

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8
Q

Where are neutrons located?

A

Nucleus

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9
Q

Where are electrons located?

A

Around the nucleus

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10
Q

What is a group of elements called?

A

A molecule. It posesses a crystal lattice structure. EG: NaCl, N2

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11
Q

Weight of neutron

A

1

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12
Q

Weight of electron

A

about 1/1800

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13
Q

Weight of proton

A

1

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14
Q

How do you find electron number?

A

Same as atomic number

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15
Q

How do you find proton number?

A

Same as atomic number

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16
Q

How do you find neutron number?

A

Mass - Atomic number

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17
Q

What are compounds & why are they formed?

A

Compounds are a group of two or more TYPES of elements. They form to stabilize each other

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18
Q

What is atomic mass?

A

The number of protons and neutrons as they both have a weight of 1. Shows the weight of an element. Electrons not included as they are too small.

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19
Q

What is the atomic number?

A

Number of protons and number of electrons (they are the same)

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20
Q

What is a period?

A

Each row going ACROSS on the periodic table. Represents number of valence shells

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21
Q

What is a group?

A

Each column going VERTICALLY in the periodic table. Show number of valence electrons

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22
Q

What are valence shells?

A

The outermost shell of an atom

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23
Q

What are valence electrons?

A

The electrons in the outmost shell of an atom

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24
Q

On the periodic table, what is group 1?

A

Alkalai metals = very reactive, conductors, malleable, very unstable, +1 charge

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25
On the periodic table, what is group 2?
Alkaline earth metals = Very reactive (less that group 1), not found in nature, unstable, +2 charge
26
On the periodic table, what is the middle group?
Transition Metals = produce magnetic field, conductors. Usually +2 charge but can vary with ions.
27
On the periodic table, what is group 7?
Halogens = -1 charge. More reactive as you go up the group. Compounds with halogens (+ metal) produce salts
28
29
On the periodic table, what is group 8?
Noble gases = 0 charge as they have a full valence shell, quite stable, don't easily form compounds
30
What are metalloids?
Have properties of metals & non-metals, can be semi-conductors
31
How do you find the no of valence shells?
Period number
32
How do you find the no of valence electrons?
Group number
33
How many electrons are in each electron shell?
2, 8, 8, 18
34
What is aqueous?
Water that contains one or more dissolved substances. It is a mixture that has no solids.
35
What is an ion?
An atom that has lost electrons to form a positive charge OR an atom that has gained electrons to form a negative charge.
36
Why do ions form?
To make a full outer/valence shell
37
What is a cation?
A metal losing electrons, positively charged
38
What is an anion?
A non-metal gaining electrons, negatively charged
39
What is the charge of an anion?
Negative
40
What is the charge of a cation?
Positive
41
What are the three types of bonding?
Ionic, covalent, metallic
42
What is ionic bonding?
The sharing of electrons between a metal and a non-metal to complete their valence shells.
43
How does ionic bonding occur?
As anions are negatively charged, and cations are positively charged, the opposites attract.
44
In what instance will an element become a cation?
When a metal loses electrons
45
Describe the process of ionic bonding
Metals have a weak hold on their electrons whilst non-metals have a strong hold. Therefore, metallic atoms lose/transfer their electrons to the non-metals who gain them (as they have the ability to hold them, more stable)
46
In what instance will an element become an anion?
When a non-metal gains electrons
47
What is the net charge of an ionic compound?
0/neutral as a negative anion and a positive cation cancel out/stabilize eachother
47
How do you swap and drop?
1. Write name of the ionic compound 2. Write their ions (element symbol) 3. Swap and drop the top number to the opposite element
48
What is the suffix "-ide"?
Any anion that has only one atom eg. Sulfide = S(2-) Monatomic anions. EXCEPTION: hydroxide = OH
49
What is the suffix "-ate"?
Ion made up of more than one atom WITH MORE ATOMS than "-ITE" eg. Sulfate = SO4(2-) vs Sulfite = SO3(2-)
50
What is the suffix "-ite"?
Ion made up of more than one atom eg. Sulfite = SO3(2-)
51
What is a precipitate?
The solids formed from a chemical reaction. Visuals are the easiest way to validate it's formation.
52
What is a precipitate reaction?
A chemical reaction between two aqueous reactants and produce at least one solid product
53
Define aqueous
A liquid (typically water) with multiply types of elements dissolved in it. No solids
54
How can we predict whether a precipitate reaction has occurred?
Writing out the reactants and swapping the last bit eg. Silver nitrate + Cobalt chloride = Silver chloride + Cobalt nitrate. Then, use the solubility rules to see if the resultant products are aq or s if at least one s = occurred none = didn't occur
55
What is an acid metal reaction?
A reaction between an acid and a metal that forms a salt and hydrogen gas
56
What does Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) become when combined with a metal?
(metal) Chloride
57
What does Sulfuric Acid (H2SOH4) become when combined with a metal?
(metal) Sulfate
58
What does Nitric Acid (HNO3) become when combined with a metal?
(metal) Nitrate
59
When will acid-metal reactions take place?
If the metal is above hydrogen on the reactivity series eg. potassium, magnesium, iron, lead
60
When WON'T acid-metal reactions take place?
If the metal is below hydrogen on the reactivity series eg. copper, gold, silver, mercury
61
How do you write acid-metal reactions?
Write in this form: metal + acid → salt + H2 eg: 2Mg + HCL → MgCl2 + H2
62
What is the big bang theory?
Scientific theory for the origin of the universe. It suggests that the universe began as singularity and expanded rapidly, continuing today.
63
What are two evidences for the big bang theory?
Red shift and cosmic background radiation
64
What is red shift?
Phenomenon where light from celestial objects shift toward longer wavelengths (the red end of the spectrum) as they move away from us. So, if an object is observed to be blue shift initially then red shift after 10 years, it is moving away from us.
65
What is cosmic background radiation?
Faint radiation that fills the universe. It is a remnant of the heat from the Big Bang, now stretched out and cooled over billions of years.
66
How does red shift support the Big Bang Theory?
Shows that galaxies are moving away from us, indicating that the universe is expanding. Same idea as BBT (universe started from singularity & is growing)
67
How does cosmic background radiation support the Big Bang Theory?
Matches the prediction of what the leftover heat from the Big Bang should look like. It is essentially the remains of the BB

Science 2024 (4 decks)

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