Chemistry Topic 1

Question 1

What is an isotope

Answer 1

An atom which has a different amount of protons and neutrons

Question 2

What do all the elements in a group have in common

Answer 2

They all want to form an ion with the same charge

Question 3

What do all elements in a period have in common

Answer 3

They all occupy the same amount of electron shells

Question 4

Why do ions form

Answer 4

Ions form to complete the outer valence electron shells making the element stable and satisfied

Question 5

What is the general name for a positive ion

Answer 5

Cation

Question 6

What is the general name for a negative ion

Answer 6

Anion

Question 7

What are polyatomic ions

Answer 7

A polyatomic ion is composed of two or more atoms which have been bonded together and considered to be acting as a single unit.

Question 8

What are the types of elements involved in ionic bonding

Answer 8

Non-metals and metals

Question 9

What are the steps in the formation of an ionic bond

Answer 9

1-Metal donates electrons to non-metal
2-Metal becomes cation and non-metal becomes anion
3-The metal cations and non-metal anion form a bond due to their electrostatic forces

Question 10

What are the types of elements involved in metallic bonding

Answer 10

All metals

Question 11

What is an alloy

Answer 11

A mixture of two or more metals

Question 12

What are the general properties of metals

Answer 12

High MP/BP-It takes a lot of energy to pull apart the metal cation and delocalised electrons because of the electrostatic forces that hold them together.
Malleable/ductile-Delocalised electrons “shield” the cations from coming into contact with and repelling each other.
Shiny- The delocalised electrons are easily able to absorb and then re-emit energy as light.
Conducts electricity in all states-Delocalised electrons leave the ion once the electrons from the electrical current enter. The same amount which leaves is the same amount which enters.
Good heat conductors-When metals are heated, the delocalised electrons begin to move rapidly and have high energy levels, ultimately raising the temperature

Question 13

What are the types of elements involved in covalent bonding

Answer 13

Typically non-metals however metals can be involved

Question 14

What are the general properties of covalent molecules

Answer 14

Due to the sharing of electrons, covalent compounds have properties such as lower melting points and electrical conductivity compared to ionic compounds