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Grade 10 Science > Chemisty > Flashcards

Chemisty Flashcards

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1
Q

Electrons found in the outer most shell are called what ?

A

Valence electrons

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2
Q

What does an atom consist of ?

A

Protons, neutrons and electrons.

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3
Q

What is a proton ?

A

A proton is positively charged sun-atomic particle.

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4
Q

What is a Neutron ?

A

A neutron is a sub atomic particle with no charge.

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5
Q

What is a electron?

A

An electron is a negatively charged sub atomic particle.

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6
Q

What is the atomic mass ?

A

The atomic mass is the mass of an element.

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7
Q

What is the atomic number ?

A

The atomic number is how many protons, electrons and neutrons the element has.

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8
Q

What is the mass number?

A

The mass number is the number of protons plus the number of neutrons in an atom.

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9
Q

Where are metals located on the table ?

A

Throughout but mostly on the left side and the centre.

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10
Q

Where are are non-metals located on the table ?

A

The far right.

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11
Q

What are metalloids and where are they located on the table ? What is the one exception ?

A

Metalloids have the properties of both metals and non-metals. The are located on the staircase. Except Al(metal)

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12
Q

What are all of the families on the table ?

A 
Alkali metals 
Earth metals 
Transition metals
Rare earth metals
Boron family
Carbon family
Nitrogen family
Chalcogens 
Halogens 
Noble gasses
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13
Q

When drawing a Bohr model what do you do ?

A

You draw the element in the centre of a circle. You draw the 2 elections on another circle around the first circle. You then continue drawing as many dots that are needed to equal the atomic number.

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14
Q

How many electrons can the first shell hold ?

A

2

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15
Q

How many electrons can the following 2 shells hold ?

A

8.

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16
Q

What is the difference between a Lewis dot diagram and a Bohr model?

A

A Lewis dot diagram only has the valence electrons whereas the Bohr model has all of the electrons.

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17
Q

What is an isotope ?

A

Isotopes are atoms that have different numbers of neutrons. This changed the atomic mass but not the atomic number.

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18
Q

How can you find how many neutrons a element has ?

A

Take the mass number (rounded off atomic mass) and subtract the atomic number.

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19
Q

How can an atom become radioactive?

A

An atom can become radioactive if they have to many neutrons and the nucleus becomes unstable.

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20
Q

What does a radioactive Adam release?

A

Energy as radiation.

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21
Q

What does ionizing radiation include ?

A

X-rays, gamma radiation and neutron radiation.

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22
Q

True or false ?

The higher the atomic number the Less stable the atoms are?

A

True.

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23
Q

How many valence electrons does the noble gasses have ?

A

8.

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24
Q

When atoms lose or gain electrons they become what ?

A

Ions.

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25
When atoms are ions they will bond together and form what ?
An ionic bond.
26
When an element gains electrons what charge does it have ?
Negatively charged.
27
When an element loses electrons what charge does it have ?
Positively charged.
28
When a element is negatively charged what is it ?
Anion.
29
When an element is positively charged what is it ?
Cation.
30
What is the charge of the alkali metals ?
+
31
What is the charge of the alkaline earth metals?
2+
32
What is the charge of the nitrogen family ?
3-
33
What is the charge of the the chalcogens ?
2-
34
What is the charge of the halogens ?
-
35
What does a binary ionic compound consist of?
A non-metal and and a metal.
36
What is a covalent bond made of ?
A non-metal and a non-metal.
37
When naming a binary ionic compound what does the second name end with ?
Ide
38
When writing the formula of a binary ionic compound what method do you use ?
You do a cris cross method.
39
What is the Latin name for copper ?
Cuprum
40
What is the Latin name for iron ?
Ferrum
41
What is the Latin name for lead ?
Plumbum
42
What is the Latin name for gold ?
Aurum.
43
What is the Latin name for tin ?
Stannum
44
When drawing a model of a covalent Bond what do the elements do?
They share.
45
When naming molecular compounds how many words are the names?
2.
46
What is the prefix for the number 2
Di.
47
What is the prefix for the number 3?
Tri.
48
What is the prefix for the number 4?
Tetra.
49
What is the prefix for the number 5.
Penta
50
What is the prefix for the number 6?
Hexa
51
What is the prefix for the number 7?
Hepta
52
What is the prefix for the number 8?
Octa.
53
What is the prefix mono used for ?
when there is only 1 OXYGEN
54
What is the name of H2O ?
Water.
55
What is the name of Ch3 ?
Methane.
56
What is the name of NH3?
Ammonia.
57
What are the properties of a ionic compound ?
Form crystals, have high melting and boiling points, are very hard and brittle, conduct electricity when they dissolve in water.
58
What properties do covalent compounds have?
Lower melting and boiling points solid, soft and squishy, DON'T conduct electricity in water, aren't usually able to dissolve in water
59
What is some evidence of a chemical changes?
Colour change, temperature, gas, precipitate.
60
What is law of conservation mass?
It is when two elements combine they must have the same mass on both ends. Matter can not be destroyed. 2g + 2g = 4g
61
Are reactions on the left or right side of an equation?
Left.
62
Are products on the left or right of an equation ?
Right.
63
What is a skeleton equation ?
An equation without numbers.
64
How do you know if a chemical or physical reaction occurs ?
If it's chemical is can't be reversed. | If it's physical it can't be changed.
65
Can you change the subscripts of a equation to balance it ?
No.
66
What do you do if an element has a coefficients and a subscript.
You multiply the coefficient with the subscript.
67
What does a coefficient effect?
All the numbers in that section.
68
What does a subscript effect ?
Only the element it's attached to.
69
What is the first thing you should balance ?
Metals.
70
What is the second thing you should balance?
Nonmetals.
71
Which elements do you leave until the end ?
Oxygen and hydrogen.
72
What is the last thing you should do when balancing an equation ?
Reduce the coefficients.
73
What are the 5 types of chemical equations?
``` Syntheses - x + y =xy Decomposition- xy = x + y Single- a + bx = ax + b Double- ax + by = ay + bx Combustion- with a decimal and H2O and CO2 ```
74
What is HOFBrNCl and when does it apply ?
Hydrogen, oxygen, fluorine, bromine, nitrogen , chlorine. When they are by themselves there charge is 2.
75
When do you use a coefficient of 0.5 or another decimal?
When there is a number that don't divisible by anything.
76
What chemical is produced out of acids?
Hydrogens H+
77
What chemical is produced out of base ?
Hydroxide OH-
78
What is an example of an acid ?
Vinegar Stomachs acid Limes Batteries
79
What is an example of a base ?
Baking soda Oven cleaner Drain cleaner
80
What are the uses of acids ?
``` Biological Food Cleaning Industry Pollution ```
81
What are the uses of bases ?
Cleaning Medication Industry Experimentation
82
pH is a measure of what ?
Acidity.
83
The pH level ranges from what numbers ?
1-14
84
What has the pH of 7?
Water- neutral
85
Chemicals with high pH's are what ?
Bases.
86
Chemicals with low pH's are what ?
Acids.
87
What are the properties of bases?
``` Dissolves in water Conducts electricity Does not break down metals Dissolves grease, fats and oils Can be dangerous to skin and eyes Tastes bitter Feels slippery ```
88
What colour will litmus paper turn when put in a base ?
Blue.
89
What are the properties of a acid?
``` Dissolves in water Conducts electricity Can break down metals Dangerous skin and eyes Tastes sour ```
90
What colour will the litmus paper tune when put in a acid?
Red.

Grade 10 Science (3 decks)

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